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Calcium and Beta Receptor Antagonist Overdose
Calcium and Beta Receptor Antagonist Overdose

... failure to any significant extent because it is metabolized by erythrocyte esterases.13 Some BBs pose additional risks in overdose due to their ability to block fast sodium channels, a property that is also termed membrane stabilizing activity. This effect has little therapeutic value but agents wit ...
Methadone Maintenance A Practical Guide to Pharmacotherapy
Methadone Maintenance A Practical Guide to Pharmacotherapy

... • Methadone induction is a dangerous period for risk of overdose Most programs recommend at least 5 days between dose adjustments in the range of 5–10 mg. More rapid dose escalations could be achieved by daily monitoring 3–4 hours post ingestion (peak methadone blood level) for the first 3–5 days af ...
Migraine-slides
Migraine-slides

... – Response to migraine medications in more than 50% of attacks ...
The Effect of Diclofenac Mouthwash on Periodontal Postoperative Pain
The Effect of Diclofenac Mouthwash on Periodontal Postoperative Pain

... related to environmental anti-inflammatory effects and probably by weakening the pain threshold under the thalamus cortex, the pain is decreased or interrupted.5 Topical application of diclofenac may result in drug density in the tissue that is higher than the drug density used systemically; so it i ...
Sleep Apnea - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
Sleep Apnea - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident

... arousability – important diagnostic feature). – these spontaneous naps are usually brief and somewhat refreshing.  family members, friends, and even patient often misinterpret symptoms as indicating laziness, lack of ambition, delayed maturation, or psychologic defects; because these symptoms begin ...
CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL APPROACHES FOR COLON - e-JST
CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL APPROACHES FOR COLON - e-JST

... circadian biorhythms and these diseases require night-time or early morning onset of drug action. It is therefore highly desirable to have a delayed-release delivery system that can provide nocturnal release of a drug, which in turn may provide considerable relief to the patients while they are rest ...
File - Developing Anaesthesia
File - Developing Anaesthesia

... cyclosporin) may increase likelihood of renal impairment; avoid combination or monitor renal function closely. ...
Single Oral Dose Ibuprofen for Pain Relief in Fractional Curettage
Single Oral Dose Ibuprofen for Pain Relief in Fractional Curettage

... cause mainly by prostaglandin release but from the procedure itself. The paracervical block used in all women in our study may effectively relieve the pain during fractional curettage already because the women had median of pain score only 3 during the procedure. Thus ibuprofen can not produce a bet ...
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IX - Keshav Group Of Institutions
Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IX - Keshav Group Of Institutions

... percentage calculations, enlarging and reducing recipes, isotonic solutions, alcohol dilutions, allegation methods, proof spirits, displacement value. ...


... Different protein-kinases are subsequently activated for gastrin or acetylcholine, but the final steps of phosphorylation and activation of the H+-K+ATPase are probably the same for both agents. It is clear that several classes of drugs that specifically inhibit acid secretion could be developed: th ...
Foundation - The Learning Oasis
Foundation - The Learning Oasis

... published a list of commonly used drugs. The most notable of these is the one created in Great Britain, Martindale’s Pharmacopoeia. It was also during this time that pharmacists began to be recognized as healthcare providers. In North America, during the colonial period (from the 1600s to the 1700s) ...
Adverse events associated with dietary supplements - Direct-MS
Adverse events associated with dietary supplements - Direct-MS

... form, to promote uniform records that might not have been otherwise obtained. In particular, the study form assessed causality by standard methods.6 It included questions about confounding factors (such as medical ...
Reynolds-Psych-Panels-11-20-12
Reynolds-Psych-Panels-11-20-12

... THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS (adapted from published resources) Decreased serotonin transporter expression expected. Risk of decreased response to SSRI-based therapies and increased risk of adverse events. Consider non-SSRI antidepressant therapies, such as SNRIs or tricyclic antidepressants alternative ...
Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators as a potential
Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators as a potential

... In addition, no matter how much the cGMP is increased by an activated sGC, it can be degraded downstream by PDEs [21], and we know PDE5 is increased in both the PA [22] and the RV [23] in PAH. Therefore, a combination with PDE5 inhibitor is logical and might theoretically achieve more selectivity fo ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... countries spinal anaesthesia technique is enjoying good support from the anaesthesiologists. Since the development of spinal anaesthesia technique various local anaesthetics such as cocaine, procaine, etidocaine, tetracaine, lignocaine, bupivacaine were tried and studied for their effects. When thes ...
Annex 1 - The plant and the drug - United Nations Office on Drugs
Annex 1 - The plant and the drug - United Nations Office on Drugs

... manner. The exact photoperiod required to induce flowering depends on the genetics of the plant, but a 12hour night period is enough to induce flowering in most, if not all, varieties. This allows indoor cultivators to decide when their plants will blossom. In fact, all of the above unusual characte ...
REVIEWS
REVIEWS

... and the Helsinki Heart Study8, have shown a reduced incidence of coronary events in association with an increase in plasma HDL levels in patients treated with fibrate drugs. Epidemiological studies indicate that a 1 mg dl–1 increase in the HDL-cholesterol concentration is associated with a 2–3% decr ...
oxycodone/naloxone controlled release
oxycodone/naloxone controlled release

... analgesic relief. Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist, added to counteract oxycodone-induced constipation. Naloxone has limited oral systemic bioavailability; its effect is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and, as such, it will not induce opioid withdrawal when taken orally. However, non- ...
Gentamicin
Gentamicin

... (3) antituberculosis agent. ...
Gentamicin
Gentamicin

... (3) antituberculosis agent. ...
World Health Organization Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.4
World Health Organization Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.4

... Simple light microscopic examination of Giemsastained blood films is the most widely practised and useful method for definitive malaria diagnosis. Advantages include differentiation between species, quantification of the parasite density, and ability to distinguish clinically important asexual paras ...
Does Oral Trenbolone Really Have the Best Steroid
Does Oral Trenbolone Really Have the Best Steroid

... The Trenbolone Acetate version of Trenbolone has carbon esters in the second position. This makes the steroid more soluble in the body. It binds strongly with androgen receptors increases the nitrogen intake in muscles and increases the production and effectiveness of Insulin Growth Factor (IGF-1). ...
Oxycodone Vitabalans film
Oxycodone Vitabalans film

... rhinorrhoea, tremor, hyperhidrosis, anxiety, agitation, convulsions and insomnia. However, when used as intended the risk of developing physical or psychological dependence is markedly reduced. There are no data available on the actual incidence of psychological dependence in chronic pain patients. ...
complaint  - AboutLawsuits.com
complaint - AboutLawsuits.com

... never approved by FDA. The campaign was aggressive. In many situations, the off label marketing campaign focused on the use of the drug for first line treatment of non-lifethreatening atrial fibrillation. The off label marketing campaign over-played the alleged benefits of off label uses and downpla ...
Linköping University Post Print Blood-brain barrier penetration of the
Linköping University Post Print Blood-brain barrier penetration of the

... ATP-dependent efflux transporter present at high concentrations in the apical membrane of the endothelial cells of the brain capillaries (Beaulieu et al., 1997; Biegel et al., 1995). P-gp and other drug transporters have significant effects on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of dr ...
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Psychopharmacology



Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.
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