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Preprint
Preprint

... example, English-speaking children often produce utterances such as That go there instead of That goes there or He go to school instead of He went to school. Traditionally such errors have been interpreted in terms of lack of knowledge of the appropriate inflections (Brown, 1973), or performance lim ...
Agree in the Functional Domain: Evidence from the Morphosyntax of
Agree in the Functional Domain: Evidence from the Morphosyntax of

... Note first that the initial glottal stop as well as the following vowel in the positive imperative forms in (2) are both epenthesized for syllabification purposes. That aside, one can see that the positive imperative forms are actually the imperfective forms minus the second person prefix ta-: Both ...
articles basque resultatives and related issues
articles basque resultatives and related issues

... with respect to agreement. So instead of ogia “the bread” we will use sagarrak “apples”. Since the plural morpheme -k is a homonym of the ergative marker -k, for the purpose of clarification a capital -K will be used for the plural marker. If we apply that to the transitive perfect (8), we receive ( ...
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES

... with respect to agreement. So instead of ogia “the bread” we will use sagarrak “apples”. Since the plural morpheme -k is a homonym of the ergative marker -k, for the purpose of clarification a capital -K will be used for the plural marker. If we apply that to the transitive perfect (8), we receive ( ...
The national curriculum in England
The national curriculum in England

... between words, how to understand nuances in meaning, and how to develop their understanding of, and ability to use, figurative language. Pupils should be taught to control their speaking and writing consciously, understand why sentences are constructed as they are and to use Standard English. They s ...
Involuntary state constructions in Polish: a case of semantic
Involuntary state constructions in Polish: a case of semantic

... showing no agreement, the necessity of manner modification, the human/animate character of the dative argument, which, however, does not exert any control over the event and, additionally, the presence of the resumptive się in such structures. 4. Rivero, Arregui and Frąckowiak’s (2010) analysis of I ...
Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian
Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian

... As has been standardly noted, however, a control relation like the (unsuccessful) one in (20b) can be turned into a successful one if the understood subject of the infinitival clause is construed as a semantically ‘subjacent’ participant relative to the content of that clause: thus, both of (21a,b) ...
Distinguishing Two “Synonyms” - Cascadilla Proceedings Project
Distinguishing Two “Synonyms” - Cascadilla Proceedings Project

... former being excluded when the latter was the dependent variable for a given analysis and vice versa. The envelope of variation includes all instances of quizá and quizás that have scope over an inflected verb that can appear either in the subjunctive or the indicative. Therefore, this does not incl ...
Section 8 – Compound Main Clauses
Section 8 – Compound Main Clauses

... Exercise 9. 6. How Much I Can Explain – “Humpty Dumpty” ...................................................... 73 Exercise 9. 7. Using Apostrophes to Show Possession ...................................................................... 73 Exercise 9. 8. Recognizing Verb Tenses ..................... ...
Effective Writing
Effective Writing

... fewer worries.” The words “security” and “worries” in the examples are single-word nouns. Please notice that they also answer the question “what?”: “A wise choice means what? (security); “A wise choice means what? (fewer worries). “A wise choice means what? (that there will be fewer regrets). A noun ...
Chapter 2: Linguistic Background
Chapter 2: Linguistic Background

... Consider again the case where adjectives can be used as nouns, as in the green. Not all adjectives can be used in such a way. For example, the noun phrase the hot can be used, given a context where there are hot and cold plates, in a sentence such as The hot are on the table. But this refers to the ...
English version - Nederbooms
English version - Nederbooms

... be the most suitable options for the CGN. The problem was, however, that at the start of the CGN project, these were still in the process of being developed. The WOTAN-2 tagset existed only in a preliminary version, which was modified several times during the early stages of the CGN project, and the ...
Depictive Secondary Predicates and Small Clause Approaches to
Depictive Secondary Predicates and Small Clause Approaches to

... According to Kayne, these have a verb sponge which embeds a small clause [the water up]. Other small clause analyses of particle constructions include Hoekstra (1988), Svenonius (1992, 1994), den Dikken (1995), Harley and Noyer (1998), Ramchand (2008).4 Aarts (1989) analyzes some verb-particle const ...
Write for Business Sample
Write for Business Sample

... (Quotation) “All new employees must fill out the standard work forms . . . which may be obtained from your immediate supervisor . . . before beginning work.” ...
1 Stress and the Development of Disyllabic Words in Chinese San
1 Stress and the Development of Disyllabic Words in Chinese San

... Li and Thompson (1981:14), “The threat of too many homophonous syllables has forced the (Chinese) language to increase dramatically the proportion of polysyllabic words, principally by means of the compounding process...” The loss of syllabic contrast in modern Chinese is quite dramatic. For example ...
null object constructions in standard spanish revisited* 111
null object constructions in standard spanish revisited* 111

... status of these empty constituents by resorting to categories such as PRO, pro, NP-trace or wh-trace, and most recently, null epithet (Lasnik & Stowell, 1991). These categories are shown to be insufficient to describe null objects in standard Spanish. Therefore, a new type of empty category seems to ...
Nominal Clause - colliertech.org
Nominal Clause - colliertech.org

... below. The second type is headed by a non-verbal predicate such as an adjective (14a), participle (14b), preposition (14c), or noun phrase (14d). The initial NP must also be definite or specific->. Nominal clauses with verbal reports have two further subtypes: those in which the initial NP is ...
File - Peter Cohee
File - Peter Cohee

... of praise for the general C. Marius who had recently defeated Germanic invaders, the Cimbri and Teutones. He eventually became attached to the household of the general Lucius Licinius Lucullus, for whom he also wrote laudatory poetry. Lucullus became Archias’ patronus, and Archias took the nomen gen ...
Perception and Causative Structures in English and European
Perception and Causative Structures in English and European

... given that such infinitival T cannot itself value the Case-feature of the embedded subject (Recall that the subject of the infinitival clause is Case-marked by a higher probe), its φ-set should be “incomplete”. The question then is how defective this set is. Starting with gender, there is no evidenc ...
Stiahnuť prednášku
Stiahnuť prednášku

... If the -ed form is verbal, we can change the passive construction in which it occurs into an active one: ...
Morphological Variability in Second Language
Morphological Variability in Second Language

... Research on morphological variability in second language (L2) acquisition has focused on the syntactic consequences of variability: that is, whether or not morphological variability entails underlying syntactic deficits. The interrelationship between morphological features in their own right has bee ...
Norbert Hornstein, Ana Maria Martins and Jairo Nunes This
Norbert Hornstein, Ana Maria Martins and Jairo Nunes This

... given that such infinitival T cannot itself value the Case-feature of the embedded subject (Recall that the subject of the infinitival clause is Case-marked by a higher probe), its φ-set should be “incomplete”. The question then is how defective this set is. Starting with gender, there is no evidenc ...
subject - HCC Learning Web
subject - HCC Learning Web

... • If the adj. clause is non-restrictive (it requires commas), the adjective phrase ALSO requires commas. • Paris, which is the capital of France, is an exciting city. • Paris, the capital of France, is an exciting city. • An adj. phrase in which a noun follows another noun (like the example above) i ...
Lexical Rules for Deverbal Adjectives
Lexical Rules for Deverbal Adjectives

... Our work on adjectives forms a microtheory used by the MikroKosmos semantic analyzer. The architecture of MikroKosmos is described in Onyshkevych and Nirenburg 1994 and Beale et al. 1995. The MikroKosmos project is a component of a knowledge-based machine translation system (see Nirenburg et al. 199 ...
1. - CCC Learning Hub
1. - CCC Learning Hub

... A. Find four mistakes. Write the correction above each one. ...
< 1 ... 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 ... 477 >

Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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