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11 UNIT Pronouns
11 UNIT Pronouns

... Read the following dialogue. For each item, write the correct pronoun. The Ruler: (I, Me) declare that all old people are useless. Farmer: The other villagers and (I, me) do not agree with you. The Ruler: What can you tell (I, me) to change my mind? Farmer: It is my old mother who saved this village ...
word classes and part-of-speech tagging
word classes and part-of-speech tagging

... Although the list was slightly modified from Thrax’s original, substituting adjective and interjection for the original participle and article, the astonishing durability of the parts-of-speech through two millenia is an indicator of both the importance and the transparency of their role in human la ...
referential argument
referential argument

... Such concepts are called predicates, the entities they concern are called arguments. Predicates are applied to their arguments. Predicates with one argument are one-place predicates , with two arguments two-place predicates, and so on  If a predicate is applied to an appropriate set of arguments, i ...
Interdependency Relationships between Clauses
Interdependency Relationships between Clauses

... Factory   'outwork'   exploited   female   workers   //   but   during   the   Depression   it   was   the   ...
Agreement Paper - rci.rutgers.edu
Agreement Paper - rci.rutgers.edu

... index feature bundle) when agreeing with their subject but not when agreeing with their theme object. In contrast, I do claim that a single syntactic theory of agreement can explain the two phenomena in a unified way. In particular, I argued in Baker 2008 that agreement in person tense; PRT, particl ...
Handling Arabic Morphological and Syntactic Ambiguity within the
Handling Arabic Morphological and Syntactic Ambiguity within the

... morphological and syntactic ambiguities in Arabic. We build an Arabic parser using XLE (Xerox Linguistics Environment) which allows writing grammar rules and notations that follow the LFG formalisms. We also formulate a description of main syntactic structures in Arabic within the LFG framework. Whe ...
French Verbs Made Simple(r)
French Verbs Made Simple(r)

... lar to virtually all of the nearly 800 “irregular”-er verbs: only two do not follow precise patterns throughout their conjugations. Recognizing and learning these patterns is a far more efficient way to learn French verbs than simply attempting to memorize what may at first seem like almost random irr ...
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... “Well, she obviously changed careers – a lot of people do these days. But it sounds like she took a risk by choosing a career that’s not as lucrative, which is what I did, too. I hope it works out for her. It did for me, but for some people it doesn’t.” “I’d say this person worked hard in college, w ...
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Pronouns - Napa Valley College

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On `sit`/`stand`/`lie` auxiliation1

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MOR - TalkBank
MOR - TalkBank

... There can be any number of prefixes, fusional suffixes, and suffixes, but there should be only one stem. Prefixes and suffixes should be given in the order in which they occur in the word. Since fusional suffixes are fused parts of the stem, their order is indeterminate. The English translation of t ...
On the superficiality of Welsh agreement
On the superficiality of Welsh agreement

... see e.g. Corbett (2006). Among the questions that arise about it is: What level of representation is relevant? It is widely assumed that agreement normally involves abstract levels. For Minimalism, it is one manifestation of the operation Agree. This applies in the course of the bottom–up constructi ...
Working paper Reference - Archive ouverte UNIGE
Working paper Reference - Archive ouverte UNIGE

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On the Semantics of the Perfective Aspect
On the Semantics of the Perfective Aspect

... Clearly, the action done as part of an accomplishment may either be performed all the way or stopped at any point. In a language such as English, the use of a simple verb (SV) by default indicates that the natural endpoint is reached, but an additional description is required to state that the actio ...
The Lord`s Prayer and Hail Mary
The Lord`s Prayer and Hail Mary

... asterisked, must actually be counted just as authoritative as the "attested" forms. These fictional "reconstructions" are not here asterisked, but are simply referred to as "primitive" or "ancestral". A distinction is here made between "unattested" or "reconstructed" forms and sentences, which are m ...
Unit - 1 Nouns
Unit - 1 Nouns

... Several occurs with plural countable nouns only. Enough can occur with both countable and uncountable nouns. Enough, unlike several, can precede or follow the head noun. Hanif and I met and spoke to several craftspersons at the fair. Have you packed enough food for a day? Have you packed food enough ...
Agreement Morphology, Argument Structure and Syntax
Agreement Morphology, Argument Structure and Syntax

... this surely must mean something! The answer is: it does, but the meaning is formal. It means that the adjective is construed with a plural head noun, but we cannot say whether what the two denote is a plural entity. This is decided by the head noun alone. Similarly, if the verb agrees with the NP in ...
Pronominal and adverbial clitics in Old English
Pronominal and adverbial clitics in Old English

... addressee and the stress on pronouns can be interpreted as a different realization of this focus although, in general, the presence of appositive vocatives is not always associated with stress on pronouns. As for other evidence, in both of the above examples, i.e. (37) and (38), the context in which ...
Basic Grammar and Usage
Basic Grammar and Usage

... been a coauthor of this text since the fourth edition, are gratified that instructors continue to use our book. As in previous revisions, the eighth edition includes new exercises for each chapter, along with a few of the authors’ favorite exercises from previous editions. At the suggestion of instr ...
First Experience Latin with Fr. Reginald Foster
First Experience Latin with Fr. Reginald Foster

... Lesson 11: Prepositions 2 Prepositions which take both the Accusative and Ablative As we learned, in the dictionary, 50% of prepositions are "prepositions which take the accusavite", often abbreviated: "prep. with acc." The other 50% of prepositions will be "prep. with abl." - prepositions which tak ...
§1 In Old English, a noun or a noun phrase inflected for Genitive
§1 In Old English, a noun or a noun phrase inflected for Genitive

... (demonstratives, possessives, adjectives), not only the head noun but also these modifiers were inflected for Genitive Case, as the formulas in Figure 2a show. Importantly, this distribution is the same for nominals inflected for the other cases (see Figure 2b). However, after the OE period, the ge ...
6 - Rutgers Optimality Archive
6 - Rutgers Optimality Archive

... It is unlikely that there are two different abstract accusative case features, one for animates and one for inanimates – that the feature combination accusative+inanimate corresponds to the same surface form as the combination nominative+inanimate in German is a more or less accidental lexical prope ...
The Pieces of Morphology
The Pieces of Morphology

... All composition is syntactic; the internal structure of words is created by the same mechanisms of construction as the internal structure of sentences. The internal semantic structure of roots (atoms for construction, along with the universally available grammatical features), whatever it may be and ...
a corpus-based description GLEDHILL
a corpus-based description GLEDHILL

... constraints of natural languages. The resulting symbolic systems of science were later termed artificial languages (the term can apply to the terminology of chemistry to the notation of mathematics: Swales 1990). This term was applied later on to universal language projects, although some adherents ...
Practice - TeacherLINK
Practice - TeacherLINK

... • A run-on sentence joins sentences that should be written separately or as a compound sentence. • One way to correct a run-on sentence is to separate each complete idea into a sentence. • Another way to correct a run-on sentence is to rewrite it as a compound sentence. Use a comma and the words and ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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