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Phrases and Clauses
Phrases and Clauses

... Prepositional phrase: Begins with a preposition. (Example: My kitten jumped onto the counter.) Appositive phrase: A group of words that stands next to a noun to add additional information. (Examples: Love Bug, my pet canary, is fed daily. This plant, a cactus, does not need much water.) Verbal Phras ...
Document
Document

... The verbs in structure above are of the type we shall define as intransitive, and that nothing can come between verb and adjective except a qualifier or an adverbial modifier of the adjective. There are also a few types of structure in which a verb may be modified by another verb. The modifying verb ...
Morphology – lecture script
Morphology – lecture script

... Derivational affixes (both prefixes and suffixes) change meaning, grammatical category or phonological form. English has only a few inflectional morphemes: On nouns: plural -s and possessive -s On verbs: 3rd person singular -s ...
Doc format - LangMedia
Doc format - LangMedia

... script to Adam or Ishmael, tell us that the script had been introduced either from South Arabia region or from Mesopotamia (Iraq). Ibn Al-Nadim, for example, said that the people of Al-Hira, the capital of the Lakhmid dynasty in the Euphrates valley, used a form of Syriac cursive script which had de ...
Syntax Topics • • • •
Syntax Topics • • • •

... 20. Many other verbs may take a Benefactive construction, with for, that indicates the person benefiting from the action described by the VP. Just in case that person winds up possessing the Direct Object as a part of the benefit (a frequent-enough outcome to warrant a provision in the grammar), the ...
Sentence Patterns
Sentence Patterns

...  Write five sentences of your own. Make sure that the verbs are actions you can do to someone or something.  Each sentence must have a prep phrase and a direct object  Cross out all prep phrases  Label the Subject, Verb, and Direct Object. ...
Inflectional Deviation of Number in the Qur`an
Inflectional Deviation of Number in the Qur`an

... functions in this divine text are very unlikely to occur in other genres of Arabic. Translationally, moreover, the functions achieved through this linguistic phenomenon of deviation can pose an unbridgeable gap. Thus, the present endeavor addresses itself to investigating this rhetorical device of n ...
Estonian `indirect objects` revisited: An LFG perspective
Estonian `indirect objects` revisited: An LFG perspective

... of ‘adverbials’, based on the fact that indirect dependents are similar in form to adverbial modifiers. The present paper takes up this traditional issue from a theoretical perspective, and argues that Lexical Mapping Theory (Bresnan & Zaenen 1990) clarifies a basic syntactic contrast between obliqu ...
Workshop on Nominalization
Workshop on Nominalization

... - What does it mean to be nominal? - Why would this property hold of nominals? 2. What does it mean to be a nominal? Part of theory of syntactic categories: Distributive Morphology (Halle and Marantx 1993, Marantz 1997, etc.): Lexical roots are category neutral, they are assigned a category X by mer ...
Construction Morphology
Construction Morphology

... of accounting for morphological patterns has been developed in the theory of Construction Morphology (henceforth CM) as outlined in Booij (2010), which is the topic of this chapter. The variables x in these schemas stand for the phonological content of the base word, and thus indicate an empty slot. ...
15 Tips to Improve Your Conventions and Sentence Fluency
15 Tips to Improve Your Conventions and Sentence Fluency

... error that occurs when you aren’t sure what words or sentence construction to use to get your idea across in a clear and concise manner. Learning to eliminate wordiness will help you write cleaner sentences that will express your ideas clearly to your reader. Some methods for reducing wordiness incl ...
English as a Germanic Language
English as a Germanic Language

... rise of definite articles is clearly a late development in Germanic, as shown by the fact that the articles differ considerably from one Germanic language to another: in Icelandic, for example, the definite article derives from a source distinct from the source of PDE the, and it is commonly attache ...
English predicate nominative worksheets
English predicate nominative worksheets

... .Grammar quiz covering compliments: direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, and predicate adjective.Predicate adjectives worksheets are key to understanding the proper usage of this for those most interested in and knowledgable about the English language.We have FREE worksheets about s ...
Handout
Handout

... and what parts of speech they have. (For example, from the statements above, the system learns that duck is a noun, fly is an intransitive verb and so on.) Questions can have a much more complex form, but can only use words and names that the system has already learned from the statements it has see ...
gsp-review
gsp-review

... the left of the colon. Ask yourself, “Is this a complete sentence?” If so, use a colon. Example: My favorite teachers are: Dr. Cohen, Dr. Wilson and Dr. Raphael. Correction: My favorite teachers are Dr. Cohen, Dr. Wilson and Dr. Raphael. Correction: I have had great teachers: Dr. Cohen, Dr. Wilson a ...
1 - UCL Phonetics and Linguistics
1 - UCL Phonetics and Linguistics

... phonologically empty categories. For a start, many nouns in English can be verbed and vice versa: a hammer – to hammer, a bottle – to bottle, to laugh – a laugh, to wish – a wish, etc. Simplifying things a bit, there are two hypotheses we should consider in connection to this. First, we could assume ...
Benefactives in English: evidence against argumenthood
Benefactives in English: evidence against argumenthood

... dative verb is interpreted by depends on the meaning of the verb in question. The entailments of the three sets of dative verbs (20a-c) each differ from one another, in contrast to the entailments of the single set of benefactives in (20d): (20a) John gave/handed/lent me a book, {and I was glad to g ...
The Derivational Morphology of Totonac
The Derivational Morphology of Totonac

... The inflectional categories for verbs are person (both subject and object), number, tense, aspect and mood. Third person singular, subject or object, is always marked with a zero morpheme. For nominals, number inflection is optional except with human nouns, and possession is obligatorily marked with ...
Subject - brookblaylock
Subject - brookblaylock

... What are verb tenses? The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb. Each tense has its own use. Present Paul lives in Boston. Present perfect Past ...
MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH - Word Classes – there are 9 word
MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH - Word Classes – there are 9 word

... or compiling dictionaries. - theoretical lexicography – the scholarly discipline of analysing and describing the semantic, syntactic and paradigmatic relationship within the lexicon (vocabulary of a language). Morpheme is a smallest lexical unit, we have 2 types of morphemes: lexical morphemes (it g ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... The naming of these classes is not my fault. ...
Tectogrammatical Annotation English
Tectogrammatical Annotation English

... And have you ever been in the hospital as a day patient apart from when you were having a baby? = And have you ever been in the hospital (...) apart from that you were in the hospital when you were having a baby? ≠ And have you ever been in the hospital (...) apart from that you were not in the hosp ...
File
File

... • Modify verbs (and adjectives & other adverbs) by answering the questions, “How?” “When?” “Where?” and “Why?” ...
The Subject, Predicate, and More
The Subject, Predicate, and More

... Sometimes, however part or all of the predicate comes before the subject. ...
Exam Review 2007-2008 When given a sentence, identify the parts
Exam Review 2007-2008 When given a sentence, identify the parts

... Infinitives are verb forms. They can be used in sentences as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Example: I went to the mall. The prepositional phrase starts with “to”. Notice “mall” is the object of the preposition. Prepositions connect nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence and show their rela ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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