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Le: from pronoun to intensifier*
Le: from pronoun to intensifier*

... or semantic reduction is the loss of features of meaning associated with a form (Bybee et al. 1994: 19). Bleaching of le culminates in loss of its argument and pronominal status. As le’s argument and pronominal status is eroded, it functions less as an active participant and more as the location in ...
LESSON 26: DEPENDENT CLAUSES (ADVERB)
LESSON 26: DEPENDENT CLAUSES (ADVERB)

... At daybreak is an adverbial prepositional phrase telling us more about the verb ran. It’s telling us WHEN he ran. You know all about prepositional phrases. Jim ran before he ate breakfast. Before he ate breakfast is telling us more about the verb ran. It’s still telling us WHEN he ran, but this time ...
Positional and Grammatical Variations of Time Words in Takivatan
Positional and Grammatical Variations of Time Words in Takivatan

... also the only form that has never been attested with any verbal morphology. Another common form is laupadau ‘now’. It consists of laupa and the mirative suffix -dau, which marks the emotional involvement of the speaker, for instance surprise or happiness (‘now!?’).1 The remaining tokens of laupa in ...
CHAPTER 2 THE ORIGIN OF LIGHT VERBS
CHAPTER 2 THE ORIGIN OF LIGHT VERBS

... 4 For further discussion on the suru construction, see Grimshaw and Mester (1988), Hoshi and Saito (1993), among many others. In these works, the focus is on "argument transfer" from the noun to suru. Also see Huang (1997) for discussion on the suru construction from a different perspective (cf. sec ...
7116 Sentence Building Int.
7116 Sentence Building Int.

... • parts of speech, including: nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections • sentence construction and patterns, including: subjects and predicates • simple, compound, and complex sentences ...
independent clause
independent clause

... Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answers. _________________________1. A phrase is a group of words used as one ______. _________________________2. A phrase does not contain a(n) ______or a(n) ______. _________________________3. Prepositional phrase uses a(n) ______ and ends with a(n) _____. _ ...
Reconstruction the Lexical Domain with a Single Generative
Reconstruction the Lexical Domain with a Single Generative

... (17) “Paradigmatic” includes the notion that (a) inflection fills out feature space such that, for example, every noun will have all the case forms it needs to participate fully in the syntax and (b) inflection is typically syncretic such that a single form spreads to fill several cells in paradigm ...
Gothic Syntax
Gothic Syntax

... Gothic has a system of anaphors consisting of reflexive sik ‘himself, herself, itself’ and the possessive adjective sein- ‘his, her, its (own)’. Sein- can be reflexive or a DISCOURSE ANAPHOR — one that does not require a binder (Kiparsky 2011). A reflexive anaphor requires a binder, traditionally ca ...
Part 2 "Of the Verb": An Australian grammar : comprehending the
Part 2 "Of the Verb": An Australian grammar : comprehending the

... by partic:es, each of which partic;es, contains in its ruot the accident attributed to the verb in its various modification: as, assertion, affirmation, negation, privation, tendency, existence, cause, permission, desire, purpose, &c., thus forming moods, tense:;, aed particles. The particip'es are ...
Non-concord in Existential-There Constructions: A Corpus - S
Non-concord in Existential-There Constructions: A Corpus - S

... Based on Table 7 and 8, Insua & Martinez (2003) affirm that nonconcord occurs more frequently in TCs with coordinated NPs and intervening material. There lie several limitations here as well. First, the samples for both Table 7 and Table 8 are too limited in number. The total number of TCs with coor ...
MumayyazEnglish
MumayyazEnglish

... ‫بين الفعل والضمير حرف جر مثل ‪-:‬‬ ‫‪to / at / with / from / for‬‬ ‫*** الضمائر الشخصية أنواع ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬الضمير الشخصي األول في حالة الرفع للمفرد والجمع ( ‪) I / we‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬الضمير الشخصي األول في حالة النصب للمفرد والجمع ( ‪) me / us‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬الضمير الشخصي الثاني في حالة الرفع للمفرد والجمع ( ‪) you ...
ÚSTAV ANGLICKÉHO JAZYKA A DIDAKTIKY BAKALÁŘSKÁ
ÚSTAV ANGLICKÉHO JAZYKA A DIDAKTIKY BAKALÁŘSKÁ

... present participle and the perfect participle have forms for active and passive voice. The perfect participle further distinguishes simple and progressive forms. The present participle expresses the present tense only in relation to other parts of a sentence; in other words, it expresses actions sim ...
A Linguistic Approach to Translating the English Past Perfect Aspect
A Linguistic Approach to Translating the English Past Perfect Aspect

... the two languages. As a pioneer in a linguistic theory of translation, Catford (1965, p. 27) proposes the notion of shift in translation which implies leaving the formal equivalence when rendering from source language into target language. So, when there is no formal linguistic equivalence between t ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... Compound Sentence (Comma + Coordinating conjunction between two main clauses): The hurricane hit the area, so hundreds of houses were damaged. Compound Sentence (Semicolon+ Conjunctive Adverb [Transition] between two main clauses): The hurricane hit the area; therefore, hundreds of houses were damag ...
On the Linguistic Notion of Transitivity:
On the Linguistic Notion of Transitivity:

... An old friend of mine once told me that there was a student in her class, who had persistently asked her about English grammar in greater detail than was covered in coursework. The student‟s questions were often so meticulous that she occasionally found herself incapable of providing acceptable expl ...
on some basic issues of the theory of functional sentence
on some basic issues of the theory of functional sentence

... for quite a long time. Henri Weil, who published his important monograph on word order as early as 1844 (Weil 1844), may rightly be regarded as the fore­ runner of FSP theorists (cf. Firbas 1974.11—2). It would be interesting to estab­ lish to what extent and in what way he was developingfindingsand ...
A Distributed Morphology-based analysis of Japanese
A Distributed Morphology-based analysis of Japanese

... entails competition for the identical terminal node at Spell-out. Japanese honorifics/humbling both possess a quirky combination of free-variation (which gives the impression of blocking) and true blocking where native Japanese suppletive specified for the relevant features blocks the default form. ...
An equivalent of the standard of comparison relativization in Ainu
An equivalent of the standard of comparison relativization in Ainu

... hierarchy except for the alienable possessor and standard of comparison 1 proper. Ainu is generally famous for its ability of stranding postpositions (7b), (8), which is particularly conspicuous in relativization on adjuncts (23). I will focus on a newly discovered degree adjunct relativization stra ...
Adjective and Adverbs
Adjective and Adverbs

...  Adverb (Latin: adverbium) has several functions, i.e. it explains verbs, explains adjectives, and explains other adverbs or the entire grammatical constructions. In general, an adverb is formed by adding “ly” to an adjective, such as simultaneous  simultaneously, active  actively, and high  hig ...
go¤jš, vGJjš k‰W« mo¥gil fâj brašghLfis nk«gL¤Jtj‰fhd gæ‰Á f£lf
go¤jš, vGJjš k‰W« mo¥gil fâj brašghLfis nk«gL¤Jtj‰fhd gæ‰Á f£lf

... When a single consonant comes between two vowels in a word, it is usually divided after the consonant, if the vowel is short. Example: lev- er , cab - in, hab - it When two vowels come together in a word, and are sounded separately, it is divided the word between two vowels. Example: ra- di - o, di ...
Chapter 3 Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection Morris
Chapter 3 Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection Morris

... mar, but rather is distributed among several different components.2 For example, "word formation"—the creation of complex syntactic heads— may take place at any level of grammar through such processes as head movement and adjunction and/or merger of structurally or linearly adjacent heads. The theor ...
Grace Theological Journal 6
Grace Theological Journal 6

... gathered is at least enough to provide guidelines which may help to inform and possibly resolve the three issues. Solution Proper In dealing with each of the three issues, some guidelines or principles that have been derived from the study are first set forth, and then some of the exegetically signi ...
PART B - Academic Skills
PART B - Academic Skills

... Summary of this Grammar Guide This is a very short Grammar guide with some of the key features associated with technical writing. There are activities in this guide and links to web sites with online quizzes. It should be read in conjunction with Part A - Writing the Report. Writing clearly and prec ...
Imagina: Leccion 3
Imagina: Leccion 3

... there are two sets! And the funny thing is that there is no difference in meaning between one and the other! But let's also look on the positive side of things: they are the same endings whether we are dealing with -ar, -er, or -ir verbs. Here they are: -ra -ras -ra ...
the semantics and exegetical significance of the object
the semantics and exegetical significance of the object

... gathered is at least enough to provide guidelines which may help to inform and possibly resolve the three issues. Solution Proper In dealing with each of the three issues, some guidelines or principles that have been derived from the study are first set forth, and then some of the exegetically signi ...
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Kannada grammar

The grammar of Kannada is complex and differs greatly from that of the Indo-European languages. As a Dravidian language, Kannada bears many differences as compared to English and Sanskrit, the latter of which is considered the archetype for the Indian grammatical model.
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