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The Morphosyntactic Typology of Oceanic
The Morphosyntactic Typology of Oceanic

... intransitive verb or non-verbal predicate, and the actor argument of a transitive. The notion of basic constituent order is also somewhat troublesome in the Oceanic context, as (i) there are both verbal and non-verbal clause types, and their predicate/subject orders are not always the same; (ii) tra ...
Argument Realization: the role of constructions and discourse factors
Argument Realization: the role of constructions and discourse factors

... two participants: there is an unexpressed theme argument that is caused to move to the location designated by the overt prepositional phrase. In fact, the verbs in examples 2-7 can optionally appear transitively: 2’. Pat sneezed mucus onto the computer screen. 3’. Chris blew air into the paper bag. ...
Ethnic adjectives are proper adjectives∗ Boban Arsenijevic
Ethnic adjectives are proper adjectives∗ Boban Arsenijevic

... Fábregas’ account. By making reference to nations in the semantic representation, we posit, in a sense, something nominal internal to EAs, and it could be argued that nominal phrases without a D layer, i.e. the nPs in Fábregas’ account, could be treated as kind describing. However, unlike Fábregas, ...
ling411-08 - Rice University
ling411-08 - Rice University

... E: Not exactly your teeth … your gP: Gum … gum … E: What did they do to them? P: And er … doctor and girl … and er … and er gum … Goodglass 1993: 107 ...
A Grammar Research Guide for Ngwi Languages
A Grammar Research Guide for Ngwi Languages

... ambiguous than “Yi,” and more descriptive than “Yipho,” which were the traditional terms that have been used to describe many of the known languages that have now been assigned to this group. The group includes seventy-five languages, divided into the Northern (17 languages), Central (24), Southeast ...
6 Adverb Phrase - E
6 Adverb Phrase - E

... classes of nouns such as temporal, locational, manner indicators, etc., are not clearly different from each other, for in Telugu the same class of relators occur with both the temporal and the locational nouns or pronouns. On the formal label the adverb phrases in Telugu can be devided into four cat ...
114 Raising to Oblique in Modern Greek* Brian D. Joseph University
114 Raising to Oblique in Modern Greek* Brian D. Joseph University

... 4.1: First, Raising to Oblique in Greek offers a cross-linguistic comparison with English sentences of the type in (15) through (17): (15) a. With John's having stepped forward to confess, your good name is cleared. b. With John having stepped forward to confess, your good name is cleared. (16) a. I ...
SOME NOTES ON ENGLISH AND SLOVAK PERSONAL
SOME NOTES ON ENGLISH AND SLOVAK PERSONAL

... Not all languages have the same system of personal pronouns. In Hungarian, for example, gender is not distinguished, and there are special pronouns corresponding to the Slovak VY when used to show respect (distinguishing number as well); special pronouns of respect exist in Spanish and in other lang ...
Placed, Non- Placed and Anaphorically Placed Expressions:
Placed, Non- Placed and Anaphorically Placed Expressions:

... It has been noted by many that the morphological expression of Tense is strongly interrelated with the morphological expression of Person. As stated in Greenberg’s Universal 30 (Greenberg ,1963), for instance, if a language has Person- Number categories, it always has TenseMood categories. On indepe ...
Relativization strategies in Thulung Rai Aimée Lahaussois Histoire
Relativization strategies in Thulung Rai Aimée Lahaussois Histoire

... The adjunct categories which will be discussed are locative, instrumental, comitative, ablative/allative, genitive. Objects of comparison, which can be relativized upon in some languages, are inaccessible in Thulung. The general rules concerning relativization on adjuncts are that all three strategi ...
7th lecture on grammar Relative pronoun From Wikipedia, the free
7th lecture on grammar Relative pronoun From Wikipedia, the free

... Other arguments can be relativised using relative pronouns: Subject: Hunter is the boy who kissed Jessica. Indirect object: Hunter is the boy to whom Jessica gave a gift./Hunter is the boy who Jessica gave a gift to. Adpositional complement: Jack built the house in which I now live. (similarly with ...
C:\Mis documentos\Mis textos\Ejercicios C.O.U\GRAMATICA
C:\Mis documentos\Mis textos\Ejercicios C.O.U\GRAMATICA

... B) Object of a verb: whom or who or that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C) With a preposition: whom or that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D) Possessive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Defining ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
Towards a structural typology of verb classes

... verbs, except animacy in some languages. For instance, the Algonquian languages from North America make a formal distinction between stems with animate and those with inanimate objects (e.g. waapam ‘see sth. animate’ vs. waapaht ‘see sth. inanimate’ in Plains Cree). The most robust subclassification ...
THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC

... English are words such as big, old, and tired that actually describe people, places, or things. These words can themselves be modified with adverbs, as in the phrase very big. The articles a, an, and the and possessive nouns, such as Mary's, are classified as adjectives by some grammarians; however, ...
Chuyên đề : điền hình thức đúng của từ trong ngoặc – Lớp 12
Chuyên đề : điền hình thức đúng của từ trong ngoặc – Lớp 12

... together so alone somehow carefully anyhow also how Ex: We went to school together The birds sang sweetly 3.3.1.2- Adverbs of time: express when an action is done today once before since now soon always seldom rarely already early ago then often sometimes Ex: It often rains in the tropics. I have ne ...
How motion verbs are special
How motion verbs are special

... mation in verb meanings is regarded as part of a universal linguistic system for encoding meaning or world-knowledge. In this kind of meaning we clearly see world knowledge encoded linguistically, in the fact that the grammar represents the events captured in verb meanings as having or not having a ...
Modeling Complex Sentences for parsing through Marathi Link
Modeling Complex Sentences for parsing through Marathi Link

... In this structure, subject of main clause is separated from main clause and positions before complement clause without header. Link SH is proposed to connect subject with header of main clause. ...
0515 dutch (foreign language)
0515 dutch (foreign language)

... In the case of a deliberately evasive answer which consists entirely of irrelevant material exploited in defiance of the rubric, a score of 0/25 is given. These are rare in IGCSE. The genuine attempt to answer the question which fails due to a misunderstanding of the rubric will normally lose Commun ...
Illustrating the prototype structures of parts of speech
Illustrating the prototype structures of parts of speech

... noun class “III” marker (Mali) infinitive imperfective locative masculine non-future non-present non-past object personal plural possessive predicating particle perfect present past reduplication singular noun class “V” marker (Ingush) venitive ...
VERBS AND OBJECTS IN SEMANTIC AGREEMENT: MINOR
VERBS AND OBJECTS IN SEMANTIC AGREEMENT: MINOR

... are more likely to obtain between predicates and (direct, non-direct) objects and intransitive subjects than between predicates and transitive subjects, or, if the generalization is to be stated in semantic terms, in view of the possibility that genuinely grammatical relations such as subject and ob ...
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... farther, further. In formal English farther is used to refer to physical distance: How much farther must we walk? Further refers to abstract degree: We will study these suggestions further. Although the distinction is not as strictly adhered to in general writing, it is better to maintain it. farthe ...
Translating English Perfect Tenses into Arabic
Translating English Perfect Tenses into Arabic

... 1. Simple Past, expressed by the perfect form of the verb, 2. Near Past, formed by /qad, laqad/ + perfect, 3. Distant Past, formed by /kaana/, /kaana qad/ or /qad kaana/ + perfect, 4. Progressive Past, formed by /Zalla/ or /kaana/ + imperfect, 5. Approaching Past, formed by /kaada/ or /?awšaka/ + (? ...
湖南省第一师范学院外语系备课用纸
湖南省第一师范学院外语系备课用纸

... personal and nonpersonal gender, and between masculine and feminine gender. These gender distinctions are largely restricted to the third person singular of personal, possessive, and reflexive pronouns and corresponding determiners. In the use of these pronouns and determiners we must see to it that ...
Appendir A
Appendir A

... marks. (I said,"Go home.") o Colonsandsemicolonsthat follow quotedwordsalwaysgo outsideclosingquotation marks. (We're"friendsl we don't date.) o Use singlequotationsmarksonly to enclosequoteswithin quotes. o Use doublequotationsmarksin all othersituations.(He's a real"teamplayer.") ...
7.8. Arabic Adjectives - الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة
7.8. Arabic Adjectives - الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة

... 7.1 Adjectives in English Definition of adjective? The adjective can be defined as "a word that modifies, or qualifies, a noun or pronoun, in one of three forms of comparative degree: positive (strong, beautiful), comparative (stronger, more beautiful), or superlative (strongest, most beautiful). It ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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