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0515 dutch (foreign language)
0515 dutch (foreign language)

... In the case of a deliberately evasive answer which consists entirely of irrelevant material exploited in defiance of the rubric, a score of 0/25 is given. These are rare in IGCSE. The genuine attempt to answer the question which fails due to a misunderstanding of the rubric will normally lose Commun ...
Yao`an Lolo Grammar Sketch
Yao`an Lolo Grammar Sketch

... testimony to them that I have written this thesis and can communicate in their language. I offer special thanks to my committee members: Shin Ja Hwang, Michael Boutin, and Paul Kroeger. I am especially grateful for the discerning comments and abundant assistance which they freely shared with me and ...
Lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
Lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... Basic variant, standard contemporary style; also used for standard forms allowed for use in writing by the Czech Standard Orthography Rules despite being marked there as colloquial ...
Linguistics behind the mirror
Linguistics behind the mirror

... teaching one’s mother tongue) shows that this presupposition does not hold in reality. The realistic picture is much more like the one in Fig. 1: there are strings which are considered clearly correct (“grammatical”) by the native speakers, there are other ones that are doubtless incorrect (out of t ...
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES

... intransitive verbs, like in German die Äpfel sind ganz verfault “the apples are quite rotten”, but also for expressing objective resultatives from transitive verbs, like in French le bâton est cassé “the stick is broken”, in which case it may be difficult to distinguish from a passive form. But, in ...
Revision of English III Grammar
Revision of English III Grammar

... 12) Definitions of an Adverbial: TRUE OR FALSE? i) It is one of the five main sentence or clause elements. T ii) It is not often used. F iii) It is always an optional element. F e.g. “She put the book on the table.” (obligatory adverbial) iv) Theoretically, there can be any number of adverbials in a ...
Resources for Teaching Writing - Adult Basic Skills Professional
Resources for Teaching Writing - Adult Basic Skills Professional

... W.5.4.1 Identify all parts of speech, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections, and verbals (verbs used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs such as infinitives, participles, and gerunds). W.5.4.2 Identify how parts of speech work in a particular sentence, i ...
Trique Clause and Sentence - Nahuatl Learning Environment
Trique Clause and Sentence - Nahuatl Learning Environment

... The relator-axis clause is bipartite: C15 = R' + A'.6 The clause-level relator tagmeme (R') may be locational y434 where, nda43ya34 as far as where, yu3h place where, ne34? direction towards; or temporal nga43 when. The clause-level axis tagmeme is manifested by a predication or equation clause, i.e ...
articles basque resultatives and related issues
articles basque resultatives and related issues

... intransitive verbs, like in German die Äpfel sind ganz verfault “the apples are quite rotten”, but also for expressing objective resultatives from transitive verbs, like in French le bâton est cassé “the stick is broken”, in which case it may be difficult to distinguish from a passive form. But, in ...
etc., of a sentence in respect to their entry into it: X 2 Y means that X
etc., of a sentence in respect to their entry into it: X 2 Y means that X

... classes B, C. The B, C are the entry (or argument) requirementfor A, ...
Baule SVCs: Two distinct varieties of missing objects.
Baule SVCs: Two distinct varieties of missing objects.

... problem is, that the verbs klo, 'like', kpѐ 'hate', si 'know', sro 'fear', wun 'see', kan 'touch' also all require an overt object. These verbs do not have an affected object. In Larson (2002) I attempt a first characterization of the generalization that causes verbs to belong to one class or the ot ...
Word - The Open University
Word - The Open University

... while Latinate words can seem more scientific and academic. So simple words and phrases such as go down, high, sad, speed up, watch, hate, do well and hide, for example, can be contrasted with words of Latin origin like descend, elevated, miserable, accelerate, observe, detest, succeed and conceal. ...
Mood, voice and auxiliaries C1
Mood, voice and auxiliaries C1

... Will ('ll in the shortened form) is followed Example: by a verb in the infinitive. It is invariable. Tomorrow he will (he'll) play. In the negative form, will not is shortened Example: to won't. It's too cold outside, they won't go out. The interrogative form is formed as with Example: the other aux ...
t-lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
t-lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... Grammateme person • definite personal and indefinite pronom. semantic nouns, i.e. pronouns referring to an object of communication (third person), to the speaker or hearer (first and second person) ...
Grammar and Language Workbook, Part 1
Grammar and Language Workbook, Part 1

... 3. He traveled all the way to China by himself. 4. Those two were the first to cross the finish line. 5. In March, I returned all of my library books. 6. At least one hundred people waited in line. 7. He told his little sister a bedtime story. 8. Scott’s cousin lost his favorite jacket. 9. The diagr ...
100 Writing Mistakes
100 Writing Mistakes

... great many "howlers" that can put off potential customers and clients. A few entries feature a spelling or usage that differs in British and American English, or an expression or rule on which thoughtful people disagree. These entries are marked with an asterisk (*). Grammar terms and grammatical ex ...
UNIVERSITY OF IRKUTSK
UNIVERSITY OF IRKUTSK

... Reduction of Adjective Clauses To Adjective Phrases. Changing An Adjective Clause To An Adjective Phrase. Hecadem Practices. Ex-s 32,33,34 p. 261-262. Sample TOEFL. Summing-up: Adjective Clauses. Preparation for the Test. Written ...
Emai Separation Verbs and Telicity
Emai Separation Verbs and Telicity

... separation domain. We ask whether CS a occurs with all change of state conditions coded by a given separation verb or with only a subset of those conditions and, if the latter, what principle guides its occurrence with some events but not others. To gain a clearer impression of Emai encoding of sepa ...
1 The Distribution of Negative NPs and Some Typological
1 The Distribution of Negative NPs and Some Typological

... d. ‘Hanako read no book.’ Hanako-wa dono hon-mo yoma-nak-atta. Hanako-Top any book read-Not-Past [Lit. I did not read any book.] In (4a-b), for example, negation is solely expressed by the postverbal particle nak, and the indefinite pronoun dare-mo would be suitably translated as ‘anybody’ or ‘every ...
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Grammar and
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Grammar and

... _afutada sui_ they all, _gera lea sui na_ they have gone already. To express totality the suffixed pronoun singular third and all persons plural are added to a root _afuta_, formed from _afu_ to complete, with _ta_ noun termination: _afutanafera_ all the land, _afutana nonigu_ all my whole body. It ...
English Exam / Answers
English Exam / Answers

... D. adverbial phrase 17. “Each of these legendary figures is associated with the unexplored regions of our new nation during the 1800s. Does anyone know what these folk heroes represented to the early settlers?” Mrs. Clark asked. A. gerund phrase B. present participial phrase C. noun phrase D. adverb ...
The Syntactic Operator se in Spanish
The Syntactic Operator se in Spanish

... nodes of the sentence. As it moves, it interacts with the Agreement nodes of the sentence;  more specifically, it selectively inhibits the activation of the features [case], [person] and  [number] for further checking purposes. It is also claimed that se acts within the limits set  by morphology; th ...
degree comparison
degree comparison

... In English lessons a lot of material that has not been fully understood by many people. example is the matter of degree of comparison. There are still many who do not understand what the comparison degree, a function of the degree comparison, how to write the word degree comparison, the shape and fo ...
Clausal coordinate ellipsis in German: The TIGER treebank as a
Clausal coordinate ellipsis in German: The TIGER treebank as a

... end-up at the elections 1998 in-the cellar ‘Otherwise, we lose our profile and end up in the cellar at the 1998 elections’ In FCR, borrowing is restricted to left-peripheral major constituents of the anterior clause (see the FCR borrowing rule in Section 2). In (10), the left periphery only includes ...
The Clause
The Clause

... sentence…it can’t stand alone because it’s “dependent”. Think…S + V + No complete thought = Dep. Clause ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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