ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... isolation membranes that enclose cytoplasmic cargo to form autophagosomes, that fuse with lysosomes where hydrolases degrade their cargo (Klionsky, 2007). ...
... isolation membranes that enclose cytoplasmic cargo to form autophagosomes, that fuse with lysosomes where hydrolases degrade their cargo (Klionsky, 2007). ...
Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... gene SAG12 (McClellan et al., 2009). Cathepsins have also been implicated in some types of animal PCD (Kroemer and Jäättelä, 2005). Animal cathepsins are localized in the lysosome (an organelle equivalent to plant vacuoles) and include, according to their active site amino acid, at least two seri ...
... gene SAG12 (McClellan et al., 2009). Cathepsins have also been implicated in some types of animal PCD (Kroemer and Jäättelä, 2005). Animal cathepsins are localized in the lysosome (an organelle equivalent to plant vacuoles) and include, according to their active site amino acid, at least two seri ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (2– 4). Macroautophagy ...
... endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (2– 4). Macroautophagy ...
Endogenous Drp1 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy and Protects
... 3D), suggesting that endogenous Drp1 protects CMs against apoptosis during GD. We evaluated the role of endogenous Drp1 in mediating autophagy in response to GD. Four hours of GD significantly increased the number of GFP-LC3 dots in Ad-shScr-transduced CMs, but this increase was significantly attenu ...
... 3D), suggesting that endogenous Drp1 protects CMs against apoptosis during GD. We evaluated the role of endogenous Drp1 in mediating autophagy in response to GD. Four hours of GD significantly increased the number of GFP-LC3 dots in Ad-shScr-transduced CMs, but this increase was significantly attenu ...
The lysosome as a command-and-control center for cellular
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
The lysosome as a command-and-control center for cellular
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
... and other building blocks that can be subsequently released on demand. Because of the high conservation of lysosomal enzymes and permeases between yeast and mammals, it is likely that the mammalian lysosome has a similar ability for selective retention and release of metabolic building blocks. Throu ...
Full-Text PDF
... Autophagy, a major lysosomal degradation pathway, plays an important role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis by removing misfolded or aggregated proteins and clearing damaged organelles, including mitochondria (i.e., mitophagy) [43]. Autophagy has the capacity for both selective or nonselective ...
... Autophagy, a major lysosomal degradation pathway, plays an important role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis by removing misfolded or aggregated proteins and clearing damaged organelles, including mitochondria (i.e., mitophagy) [43]. Autophagy has the capacity for both selective or nonselective ...
Amino acids and mTORC1: from lysosomes to disease
... The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase controls growth and metabolism, and its deregulation underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but ho ...
... The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase controls growth and metabolism, and its deregulation underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but ho ...
Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles
... Frontiers in Genetics | www.frontiersin.org ...
... Frontiers in Genetics | www.frontiersin.org ...
Yeast as a model organism for the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical
... The power of numbers in microbes can provide answers to the problems Another aspect of microbes is that they can usually develop mechanisms to deal with the stresses they are challenged with. So when the population is challenged with an antibiotic or a toxic protein, some cells in the very large pop ...
... The power of numbers in microbes can provide answers to the problems Another aspect of microbes is that they can usually develop mechanisms to deal with the stresses they are challenged with. So when the population is challenged with an antibiotic or a toxic protein, some cells in the very large pop ...
Role for Rab7 in maturation of late autophagic vacuoles
... 2000). This LC3 is detectable with antibodies until it is degraded by the incoming lysosomal hydrolases. To investigate the location of autophagic vacuoles in cells, we next studied the distribution of LC3-positive autophagosomes by immunofluorescence microscopy. HeLa cells were starved of serum and ...
... 2000). This LC3 is detectable with antibodies until it is degraded by the incoming lysosomal hydrolases. To investigate the location of autophagic vacuoles in cells, we next studied the distribution of LC3-positive autophagosomes by immunofluorescence microscopy. HeLa cells were starved of serum and ...
Autophagy Contributes to Leaf Starch DegradationC
... Autophagy is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Most of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes identified in yeast have homologs in mammals and plants (Hanaoka et al., 2002; Levine and Klionsky, 2004; Han et al., 2011). Autophagy is known to function as an adaptation to starvation in mammals ...
... Autophagy is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Most of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes identified in yeast have homologs in mammals and plants (Hanaoka et al., 2002; Levine and Klionsky, 2004; Han et al., 2011). Autophagy is known to function as an adaptation to starvation in mammals ...
Autophagy Contributes to Leaf Starch DegradationC
... glucan chains, whereas debranching enzymes hydrolyze a-1,6glycosidic bonds and remove branches mainly from amylopectin (Zeeman et al., 2010). Autophagy is a bulk degradation process by which eukaryotic cells recycle intracellular components, such as protein aggregates ...
... glucan chains, whereas debranching enzymes hydrolyze a-1,6glycosidic bonds and remove branches mainly from amylopectin (Zeeman et al., 2010). Autophagy is a bulk degradation process by which eukaryotic cells recycle intracellular components, such as protein aggregates ...
Autophagy Contributes to Leaf Starch DegradationC
... Autophagy is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Most of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes identified in yeast have homologs in mammals and plants (Hanaoka et al., 2002; Levine and Klionsky, 2004; Han et al., 2011). Autophagy is known to function as an adaptation to starvation in mammals ...
... Autophagy is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Most of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes identified in yeast have homologs in mammals and plants (Hanaoka et al., 2002; Levine and Klionsky, 2004; Han et al., 2011). Autophagy is known to function as an adaptation to starvation in mammals ...
Chapter 6 General discussion
... tTG is a multi-functional enzyme involved in the regulation of many pathways both within cells as well as at the cellular surface. The best characterized function of this enzyme is its protein cross-linking activity leading to formation of protein complexes. Besides its cross-linking activity, tTG ...
... tTG is a multi-functional enzyme involved in the regulation of many pathways both within cells as well as at the cellular surface. The best characterized function of this enzyme is its protein cross-linking activity leading to formation of protein complexes. Besides its cross-linking activity, tTG ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... through the constitutive proteolysis of PINK1. Mitochondrial membrane potential drives PINK1 import into the inner membrane where it is cleaved by the rhomboid protease PARL and then degraded by the N-end rule pathway.35–39 When a mitochondrion sustains damage and loses its membrane potential, PINK1 ...
... through the constitutive proteolysis of PINK1. Mitochondrial membrane potential drives PINK1 import into the inner membrane where it is cleaved by the rhomboid protease PARL and then degraded by the N-end rule pathway.35–39 When a mitochondrion sustains damage and loses its membrane potential, PINK1 ...
The Differential Degradation of Two Cytosolic Proteins As a Tool to
... (1990), who followed sequential steps in autophagy after inducing artificial protein complexes in the ER. However, their observations were restricted to the degradation of these complexes while, in general, autophagy is thought to be a nonspecific process in which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded r ...
... (1990), who followed sequential steps in autophagy after inducing artificial protein complexes in the ER. However, their observations were restricted to the degradation of these complexes while, in general, autophagy is thought to be a nonspecific process in which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded r ...
Plastid degeneration in Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) provides
... rolled-up thylakoids have also been observed in chromoplasts of Narcissus pseudonarcissus flowers. These stacks consisted of about 5-10 double membranes, situated at the periphery of the organelle (Al-Babili et al., 1999). In chromoplasts of Capsicum annuum fruit single circular thylakoid sheets wer ...
... rolled-up thylakoids have also been observed in chromoplasts of Narcissus pseudonarcissus flowers. These stacks consisted of about 5-10 double membranes, situated at the periphery of the organelle (Al-Babili et al., 1999). In chromoplasts of Capsicum annuum fruit single circular thylakoid sheets wer ...
Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance
... trafficking by mediating the attachment of lysosomes to the transport machinery2,196. The lysosomal nutrient sensing (LYNUS) machinery includes several protein complexes that interact on the lysosomal surface, and its role is to sense the nutrient content of the lysosome and signal the information t ...
... trafficking by mediating the attachment of lysosomes to the transport machinery2,196. The lysosomal nutrient sensing (LYNUS) machinery includes several protein complexes that interact on the lysosomal surface, and its role is to sense the nutrient content of the lysosome and signal the information t ...
Lysosomes in iron metabolism, ageing and apoptosis
... from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) within tiny vesicles, sometimes called primary lysosomes, although they are not acidic and thus not true lysosomes. The latter fuse with late endosomes and, maybe, also with autophagosomes (Dunn 1990). Mature lysosomes are part of a dynamic system. They fuse and di ...
... from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) within tiny vesicles, sometimes called primary lysosomes, although they are not acidic and thus not true lysosomes. The latter fuse with late endosomes and, maybe, also with autophagosomes (Dunn 1990). Mature lysosomes are part of a dynamic system. They fuse and di ...
Session 209 Lens development and cell biology
... Promoter-enhancer interactions and regulation of αA-crystallin locus during lens fiber cell differentation Rebecca McGreal, Louise Wolf, Ales Cvekl. Ophthalmology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY. Purpose: Gene regulatory networks allow system level control of key cell ...
... Promoter-enhancer interactions and regulation of αA-crystallin locus during lens fiber cell differentation Rebecca McGreal, Louise Wolf, Ales Cvekl. Ophthalmology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY. Purpose: Gene regulatory networks allow system level control of key cell ...
Pseudolaric Acid B Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Au
... morphology and exhibited specific molecular markers like senescence-associated-β-galactosidase, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci and the accumulation of lipofuscin granules [19, 20]. Autophagy was the process by which the cell’s own components were delivered to lysosomes for bulk degradati ...
... morphology and exhibited specific molecular markers like senescence-associated-β-galactosidase, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci and the accumulation of lipofuscin granules [19, 20]. Autophagy was the process by which the cell’s own components were delivered to lysosomes for bulk degradati ...
Chapter 4 - Neurasync
... autophagic pathways used in mammalian cells and organisms. All autophagic pathways involve the degradation of autophagocytosed components within lysosomes, and the reutilization of the produced building blocks; however, CMA is the only nonvesicular autophagic pathway. Furthermore, though the once he ...
... autophagic pathways used in mammalian cells and organisms. All autophagic pathways involve the degradation of autophagocytosed components within lysosomes, and the reutilization of the produced building blocks; however, CMA is the only nonvesicular autophagic pathway. Furthermore, though the once he ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pancreatic Cancer
... The activated ER stress response has been found several human diseases. It is known that prolonged ER stress and thereby cell death is associated with some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (43, 44). In addition, it has be ...
... The activated ER stress response has been found several human diseases. It is known that prolonged ER stress and thereby cell death is associated with some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (43, 44). In addition, it has be ...
Balancing mitochondrial biogenesis and
... mitochondria are also the major source of potentially hazardous reactive oxygen species as by-products of respiration. Thus, eukaryotic cells have evolved a wide arsenal of quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis and prevent cellular damage and eventual death. Mitophagy, a s ...
... mitochondria are also the major source of potentially hazardous reactive oxygen species as by-products of respiration. Thus, eukaryotic cells have evolved a wide arsenal of quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis and prevent cellular damage and eventual death. Mitophagy, a s ...
Autophagy
Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Greek auto-, ""self"" and phagein, ""to eat""), is the natural, destructive mechanism that disassembles, through a regulated process, unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components.Autophagy allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. During this process, targeted cytoplasmic constituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned vesicle known as an autophagosome. The autophagosome then fuses with a lysosome and the contents are degraded and recycled. There are three different forms of autophagy that are commonly described, namely macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. In the context of disease, autophagy has been seen as an adaptive response to stress which promotes survival, whereas in other cases it appears to promote cell death and morbidity. In the extreme case of starvation, the breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival by maintaining cellular energy levels.The name ""autophagy"" was coined by Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963.