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Overt Nominative Subjects in Infinitival Complements
Overt Nominative Subjects in Infinitival Complements

... it may be that the highest copy must be pronounced to supply the finite clause with an overt subject (cf. the EPP), and/or it may be that lower copies are simply unpronounceable. In olden days the Case Filter plus the inability of infinitival inflection to assign abstract Case prevented the subjects ...
Dynamics, causation, duration in the predicate
Dynamics, causation, duration in the predicate

... Both intra-linguistic and cross-linguistic variation in morphological and syntactic realisations of semantically equivalent items are taken into account by analysing data extracted from parallel corpora. The dissertation includes three case studies: light verb constructions (0.1) in English and Germ ...
POWER POINT for Plenary Session NGs2
POWER POINT for Plenary Session NGs2

... happens to contain a VERB and is therefore a clause but functioning at the word group level). ...
DRESS UP SENTENCES and SENTENCE OPENERS
DRESS UP SENTENCES and SENTENCE OPENERS

... Orlando Bloom, who is adored by Ms. Perras, is an actor. Orlando Bloom read the fan letter. Orlando Bloom read the fan letter which was written by his biggest fan. ...
The use of gaan+ infinitive in narratives of older bilingual children of
The use of gaan+ infinitive in narratives of older bilingual children of

... Slightly more than half of the children produce gaan+infinitive in their jokes, namely 36 out of 69. Moroccan and Turkish children do not differ with respect to the use versus the non-use of gaan+infinitive. Further, the high frequency of gaan+infinitive is striking, in particular, the 36 children p ...
Sentence Diagraming
Sentence Diagraming

... Compound Subjects and Predicates IV Complete Subject and Complete Predicate The complete subject of a sentence consists of the simple subject and all the words that modify it. The complete predicate consists of the simple predicate, or verb, and all the words that modify it or complete its meaning. ...
Performance Grammar: a Declarative Definition
Performance Grammar: a Declarative Definition

... How is the focussed Direct OBJect NP Kim ‘extracted’ from the subordinate clause and ‘moved’ into the main clause? Movement of phrases between clauses is due to lateral topology sharing (i.e. left– and/or right–peripheral sharing). If a sentence contains more than one verb, each of the verb frames c ...
Acquiring Linguistic Constructions
Acquiring Linguistic Constructions

... Bowerman (1976) surveyed the utterances produced by several children learning several languages and found that - on internal grounds - there was no reason to assume that they were underlain by abstract syntactic categories such as ‘subject’, 'direct object', and 'verb phrase'. There was also a suspi ...
anaphora in English and Arabic
anaphora in English and Arabic

... The relative pronouns is a kind of pronominal anaphoric pronoun ;Hammami , Belguith and Hamadou comment "The relative pronouns in Arabic is always anaphoric and is referring to the immediate previously mentioned noun phrase ". Those relative pronouns are classified into singular" ‫ الذي‬, ‫" التي‬, ...
Conversion in English - Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Conversion in English - Cambridge Scholars Publishing

... adjective accusative case adverb animate comitative case comparative degree inanimate nfinitive imperfective interjection feminine gender instrumental case lexical morphology masculine gender noun neuter gender nominative case noun phrase particle preposition input and output word class or stem mark ...
Modelling the developmental patterning of finite
Modelling the developmental patterning of finite

... The idea that OI errors are learned from compound finites in the input is not a new one. For example, Jordens (1990) argues that OIs in Dutch are incomplete compound verb forms, which are gradually absorbed into compound predicates as the child begins to produce more and more modals and auxiliaries; ...
Grammar and Punctuation, Grade 6
Grammar and Punctuation, Grade 6

... Choose the rules and the order of use that are appropriate to the needs of your students. ...
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive

... might also generate such sentences as: They called the girl up. He calls the girl up. etc. ...
English version - Nederbooms
English version - Nederbooms

... WOTAN-2 tagset existed only in a preliminary version, which was modified several times during the early stages of the CGN project, and there was no documentation available for the PAROLE tagset. Consequently, during the course of 1998-1999 a new tagset was designed for use in the CGN project. The mo ...
Enhancing Object-Oriented UML for Developing an Intelligent
Enhancing Object-Oriented UML for Developing an Intelligent

... related and hence better intelligence can be implemented. OO has major notions such as objects, classes, inheritances, encapsulation and polymorphism. The OO Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the industry-standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of ...
On the syntax ofconstructions with arb SE in Spanish
On the syntax ofconstructions with arb SE in Spanish

... 1.1.2. An Analysis of U nergative and U naccusative constructions with ARB SE Let us look at the structure of a canonical Unergative sentence, such as that in (12a) and of a canonical Unaccusative sentence, such as that in (12b): (12) a. Juan trabaja. b. Viene Juan. We have adopted the analysis in K ...
9. - Universität Erfurt
9. - Universität Erfurt

... grammaticalization can contribute anything towards their clarification. The various modes of contrasting different languages, including language typology and universals research, are discussed in the perspective of grammaticalization in ch. 7. Ch. 8 concentrates on the diachronic aspect of grammatic ...
A multivariate analysis of the Old English ACC+DAT double object
A multivariate analysis of the Old English ACC+DAT double object

... and a dative (indirect) object occurred with two alternating object orders: ACC-DAT vs. DAT-ACC. This study examines the motivations behind the OE speakers’ choice for one of both orders. The effect of 16 factors was evaluated based on a corpus sample of N = 2409 sentences drawn from the York-Toront ...
Reflexives and Reciprocals in Copala Trique
Reflexives and Reciprocals in Copala Trique

... and sa3na1 'woman', and the pronouns Viuh''first-person-singular' and zo?2 'second-person-singular', are identical in form whether they function as possessive determiners or as heads. The words that mean 'machete' and 'thread', on the other hand, which are always head nouns in these examples, differ ...
Select this.
Select this.

... grammaticalization can contribute anything towards their clarification. The various modes of contrasting different languages, including language typology and universals research, are discussed in the perspective of grammaticalization in ch. 7. Ch. 8 concentrates on the diachronic aspect of grammatic ...
Preprint
Preprint

... The idea that OI errors are learned from compound finites in the input is not a new one. For example, Jordens (1990) argues that OIs in Dutch are incomplete compound verb forms, which are gradually absorbed into compound predicates as the child begins to produce more and more modals and auxiliaries; ...
Argument Strurcture and Semantic Change
Argument Strurcture and Semantic Change

... same meaning, namely transitive babysit NP, as in (1a), and the synonymous prepositional babysit for NP, as in (1b). As the simple timeline laid out above makes clear, the verb babysit developed over time with different argument structures but, significantly, without any concomitant change in semant ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... between German and Dutch that favor the occurrence of non-finites in sentence-final position in Dutch. For example, in Dutch, progressive aspect is expressed using a construction that includes a sentence-final infinitive, whereas German does not have a progressive construction. Similarly, Dutch uses ...
Chap005 - WordPress.com
Chap005 - WordPress.com

... Ex.: One of the fringe benefits of my job is that you I can use a company credit card for gasoline. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e ...
Hungarian Rumungro*
Hungarian Rumungro*

... structural isomophism between the Rumungro and the Hungarian degree derivation, viz. derivation of comparatives by suffixation and of superlatives by further prefixation. Although the Rumungro comparative suffix is pre-Hungarian (Indo-Aryan or, more likely, Iranian, cf. Matras 2002: 196), dialect co ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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