IPC-2221 6.1.3.1 Digital Circuits
... Integrated circuit devices use a variety of logic families. Each family has its own parameters regarding the speed of the digital transmission, as well as the temperature rise characteristics necessary to provide the performance. In general, a single board usually uses the same logic family in order ...
... Integrated circuit devices use a variety of logic families. Each family has its own parameters regarding the speed of the digital transmission, as well as the temperature rise characteristics necessary to provide the performance. In general, a single board usually uses the same logic family in order ...
Spectral Efficiency and Receiver Sensitivity in Direct Detection Optical-OFDM
... reaches 1800. For fixed bias, carrier power is fixed, too. Now, the amplitude of the zero-mean driving signal is varied. Obviously, there is a trade-off: For low amplitude, carrier power is much higher than the power in the sideband yielding low sensitivity. Increasing the signal amplitude improves ...
... reaches 1800. For fixed bias, carrier power is fixed, too. Now, the amplitude of the zero-mean driving signal is varied. Obviously, there is a trade-off: For low amplitude, carrier power is much higher than the power in the sideband yielding low sensitivity. Increasing the signal amplitude improves ...
hf/ssb 5/10 kw transmitters
... In this perspective, the modular structure of the hardware and software of the ST-5000 has been designed to allow the addition of new elements to implement the “gateway” function of the Transmitter in terms of high data rate capabilities (expanded HF channel bandwidth, multi-level modulation), and i ...
... In this perspective, the modular structure of the hardware and software of the ST-5000 has been designed to allow the addition of new elements to implement the “gateway” function of the Transmitter in terms of high data rate capabilities (expanded HF channel bandwidth, multi-level modulation), and i ...
problems
... can minimize their effect. The accuracy can be accomplished by a high-density lattice of starting points as shown in the optimization chapter. Hardware improvements could reduce sensitivity to noise. At the given stage there is no way to overcome this problem. Filtering some of the noise is possible ...
... can minimize their effect. The accuracy can be accomplished by a high-density lattice of starting points as shown in the optimization chapter. Hardware improvements could reduce sensitivity to noise. At the given stage there is no way to overcome this problem. Filtering some of the noise is possible ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... The fundamental idea of the PWM technique is to compare a high frequency wave or signal known as the carrier signal (a triangular signal with frequency fs) to a signal of low frequency known as the reference modulating signal ( with frequency fm). The frequency of the reference-modulating signal fm ...
... The fundamental idea of the PWM technique is to compare a high frequency wave or signal known as the carrier signal (a triangular signal with frequency fs) to a signal of low frequency known as the reference modulating signal ( with frequency fm). The frequency of the reference-modulating signal fm ...
Op Amp Amplifier
... i. Apply a triangle wave to your amplifier. This is the measurement version of the DC Sweep. ii. The output should look like a clipped triangle wave. Be sure to be measuring both the input and output voltage signals. iii. Use the clipped triangle wave to determine the maximum input that will produce ...
... i. Apply a triangle wave to your amplifier. This is the measurement version of the DC Sweep. ii. The output should look like a clipped triangle wave. Be sure to be measuring both the input and output voltage signals. iii. Use the clipped triangle wave to determine the maximum input that will produce ...
T4800 SERIES
... Load Sharer for Conventional Governors Description The T4800 Load Sharer provides automatic load sharing and frequency control for parallel running generators. The load sharing is proportional, meaning that the generators will be loaded equally compared to their individual capacity. The load on each ...
... Load Sharer for Conventional Governors Description The T4800 Load Sharer provides automatic load sharing and frequency control for parallel running generators. The load sharing is proportional, meaning that the generators will be loaded equally compared to their individual capacity. The load on each ...
Sensitive Low Level Transistorized NMR Spectrometer Employing Frequency Modulation
... by Eq. (7), 1500 cps for peak-to-peak tank voltage of 20 mY, 5 kc for 36mV, and 10 kcfor 57 mY. The corresponding range of the term !G 2V2G-I in Eqs. (7) and (8), which is a measure of the effective nonlinearity of the feedback transistor Q5, is from 0.02 to 0.15. The phase shift onset for a given r ...
... by Eq. (7), 1500 cps for peak-to-peak tank voltage of 20 mY, 5 kc for 36mV, and 10 kcfor 57 mY. The corresponding range of the term !G 2V2G-I in Eqs. (7) and (8), which is a measure of the effective nonlinearity of the feedback transistor Q5, is from 0.02 to 0.15. The phase shift onset for a given r ...
CCNA1 Module 4 Powerpoint
... White Noise affects all transmission frequencies equally. Narrowband Interference affects a small ranges of frequencies. ...
... White Noise affects all transmission frequencies equally. Narrowband Interference affects a small ranges of frequencies. ...
Impedance Z
... CPE is often used to describe non-ideal capacitive behaviour. However, the amplitude Y0 is not a capacitance. The dimension of Y0 is secα/Ω, while that of C is F or sec/Ω. Small deviations of the exponent α from 1 can lead to large computational errors of capacitance. To obtain a trustworthy ...
... CPE is often used to describe non-ideal capacitive behaviour. However, the amplitude Y0 is not a capacitance. The dimension of Y0 is secα/Ω, while that of C is F or sec/Ω. Small deviations of the exponent α from 1 can lead to large computational errors of capacitance. To obtain a trustworthy ...
RF Considerations for Amateur Radio Data Links
... of RF engineering that you’ll have to deal with when you plan your fixed point-to-point data link or your indoor or outdoor mobile to fixed ...
... of RF engineering that you’ll have to deal with when you plan your fixed point-to-point data link or your indoor or outdoor mobile to fixed ...
MOSFET - Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field
... of a small number of individual electrons. The ultra-low power consumption of SET also promises new levels of performance for mobile applications. SET operates by injecting or ejecting a single electron into or from a dot of silicon, so producing a change in electronic potential. That change must ov ...
... of a small number of individual electrons. The ultra-low power consumption of SET also promises new levels of performance for mobile applications. SET operates by injecting or ejecting a single electron into or from a dot of silicon, so producing a change in electronic potential. That change must ov ...
Lock-in amplifiers
... Sum and difference freq generated Compare to signal addition -- interference Signal frequency close to reference freq – low freq beat – DC for equal freq sine waves – DC output level depends on relative phase ...
... Sum and difference freq generated Compare to signal addition -- interference Signal frequency close to reference freq – low freq beat – DC for equal freq sine waves – DC output level depends on relative phase ...
Design Overview of Luminious Audio Technology
... The circuit layout is a work of art that takes into consideration all of the complicated current loops and loads to control interactions between stages and minimizing unintended feedback as the signal is processed by the gain stages and power supplies. The supply and grounding networks benefit from ...
... The circuit layout is a work of art that takes into consideration all of the complicated current loops and loads to control interactions between stages and minimizing unintended feedback as the signal is processed by the gain stages and power supplies. The supply and grounding networks benefit from ...
p1 - Ece.umd.edu
... input stage will consist of a low noise tuned amplifier, which feeds the PLL. The PLL will drive a voltage-controlled oscillator that will be used to demodulate the FSK signal. The high speed clock, used to calculate the time required for signals to travel, will be a will be a three stage ring oscil ...
... input stage will consist of a low noise tuned amplifier, which feeds the PLL. The PLL will drive a voltage-controlled oscillator that will be used to demodulate the FSK signal. The high speed clock, used to calculate the time required for signals to travel, will be a will be a three stage ring oscil ...
1.1 Introduction
... 2. Attach, to this worksheet, analyses which support your circuit design. These analyses should include (at a minimum) your desired low frequency gain and cutoff frequency; chosen resistance and capacitance values, and how these values were chosen. (15 pts) ...
... 2. Attach, to this worksheet, analyses which support your circuit design. These analyses should include (at a minimum) your desired low frequency gain and cutoff frequency; chosen resistance and capacitance values, and how these values were chosen. (15 pts) ...
The Microwave SDR project
... identical. The I/Q demodulator has a single Local Oscillator input, which is split into two and applies a 90 degree phase shift to one branch. Each of these LO signals is used to mix the RF signals direct to basesband. The resulting signals are then low-pass filtered and amplified, where they can be ...
... identical. The I/Q demodulator has a single Local Oscillator input, which is split into two and applies a 90 degree phase shift to one branch. Each of these LO signals is used to mix the RF signals direct to basesband. The resulting signals are then low-pass filtered and amplified, where they can be ...
Hardware Design Notes
... This document provides hardware design information, tips and guidelines for using the Mod5282 with external hardware. This document uses the following terminology: Output: indicates an output from the microprocessor. Please reference the electrical characteristics for the specific signal in the Moto ...
... This document provides hardware design information, tips and guidelines for using the Mod5282 with external hardware. This document uses the following terminology: Output: indicates an output from the microprocessor. Please reference the electrical characteristics for the specific signal in the Moto ...
Heterodyne
Heterodyning is a radio signal processing technique invented in 1901 by Canadian inventor-engineer Reginald Fessenden, in which new frequencies are created by combining or mixing two frequencies. Heterodyning is used to shift one frequency range into another, new one, and is also involved in the processes of modulation and demodulation. The two frequencies are combined in a nonlinear signal-processing device such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or diode, usually called a mixer. In the most common application, two signals at frequencies f1 and f2 are mixed, creating two new signals, one at the sum f1 + f2 of the two frequencies, and the other at the difference f1 − f2. These new frequencies are called heterodynes. Typically only one of the new frequencies is desired, and the other signal is filtered out of the output of the mixer. Heterodynes are related to the phenomenon of ""beats"" in acoustics.A major application of the heterodyne process is in the superheterodyne radio receiver circuit, which is used in virtually all modern radio receivers.