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... Portable devices have more data storage and increasing communication capabilities everyday. In addition to classic infrastructure based communication, these devices can exploit human mobility and opportunistic contacts to communicate. We analyze the characteristics of such opportunistic forwarding p ...
Data Center Interconnection with VXLAN
Data Center Interconnection with VXLAN

... traffic as well as ensure previously “unseen” MAC addresses and their “locations” are learned. In a layer-2 network, MAC address learning is performed by flooding frames with unknown unicast addresses on all ports within a given VLAN. For VXLAN, the approach specified in the IETF RFC is based on IP ...
Network Positioning for Wide-Area and Wireless Networks.
Network Positioning for Wide-Area and Wireless Networks.

... Reduces number of real­time measurements 3 practical problems: Introduces inherent embedding error A snapshot in time of the network location of a node Coordinates become stale over time Latency estimates based on coordinates computed at different times  can lead to additional errors ...
Peer-to-Peer Networking
Peer-to-Peer Networking

Sensor Networks for Medical Care
Sensor Networks for Medical Care

... Many of the aforementioned requirements have not yet been adequately addressed by the sensor network community. The chief reason is that most sensor network applications have very different data, communication, and lifetime requirements. Unlike traditional data collection applications such as enviro ...
M6 Lecture1
M6 Lecture1

... down into manageable datagrams and then appropriate header information (such as sequence number, port number, etc.) are added to the datagram before passing it on to the Network layer. Two transport protocols are the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and the UDP (User Datagram Protocol).  5. Netw ...
Lecture 7: Distributed Operating Systems
Lecture 7: Distributed Operating Systems

Maintaining High Bandwidth under Dynamic Network Conditions
Maintaining High Bandwidth under Dynamic Network Conditions

... the segments they are interested in, while still being able to fill their incoming pipe. We have observed a 4 percent overhead when encoding and decoding files of tens of MBs in size. Although mathematically possible, it is difficult to make this overhead arbitrary small via parameter settings or a ...
Quality of Service
Quality of Service

... In datagram model, the only service the network layer offers to the transport layer is the ability to inject datagrams into the subnet. This model does not require all packets belonging to one connection to traverse the same sequence of gateways. Routing decision is made separately for each packet, ...
Chap4-NetworkLayer - Home
Chap4-NetworkLayer - Home

... – NAT and ISPs • An ISP serving dial-up customers can use NAT technology to conserve addresses. – An ISP is granted 1000 addresses but has 100000 custumers. Each customer is assigned a private network address. The ISP translates each of the 100000 source addresses in outgoing packets to one of the 1 ...
Ad-Hoc Association of Pre-determined ZigBee
Ad-Hoc Association of Pre-determined ZigBee

... In ZigBee networks, the only fixed unique identifier is the IEEE MAC address of the nodes comprising the network. Network channels used, PANIDs (network identifiers), extended PANIDs (extended network identifiers), and network addresses are assigned ad-hoc through the coordinator forming the network ...
Datasheet Megaplex-4
Datasheet Megaplex-4

... built-in standard Intel x86 core that hosts virtual machines providing virtual network functions (VFs) or value-added service capabilities. This new capability provides a quick and easy way to introduce new services and applications with the benefit of function localization at the customer ...
A Comparative and Analysis Study of Data Flow in
A Comparative and Analysis Study of Data Flow in

...  Installation is complex as each node is connected to every node.  Cabling cost is high. B. Ring Topology In this topology, the network cable passes from one node to another until all nodes are connected in the form of a loop or ring. There is a direct point-to-point link between two neighboring n ...
VINE - UiO
VINE - UiO

... Framework developed by IETF (RFC 1633) Goal: ♦ Efficient Internet support for applications which require service guarantees ♦ Fulfill demands of multipoint, real-time applications for small and large group communication ♦ IntServ is based on per flow admission control and reservation ♦ RSVP (RFC 220 ...
Link Layer
Link Layer

...  looks for errors, rdt, flow control, etc  extracts datagram, passes to upper layer at receiving side Data Link Layer ...
SPADE: Statistical Packet Acceptance Defense Engine
SPADE: Statistical Packet Acceptance Defense Engine

... Level 3 - the protocol specific information, which is, for example, port number for TCP and UDP or operation code in ICMP. This level can be configured for specific and non-standard protocols or, in case no protocol specific information is available, a wildcard can be used. An additional parameter t ...
IEEE C802.16ppc-10/0043
IEEE C802.16ppc-10/0043

... IEEE 802.16p shall efficiently support extremely low (or no) mobility which implies that the M2M device is stationary for very long periods of time, perhaps throughout its entire lifetime, or moves only within a certain region. The system shall simplify or optimize the mobility-related operations fo ...
GI3112131218
GI3112131218

... destination node is multi-hop away from the source. Thus each node here acts as a router when the situation demands. In an ad hoc network, one of the major concerns is how to decrease the power usage or battery depletion level of each node among the network so that the overall lifetime of the networ ...
Chapter 4 slides
Chapter 4 slides

...  4.4.3 Datagram format  4.4.4 IP fragmentation  4.4.5 ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol ...
Document
Document

...  4.4.3 Datagram format  4.4.4 IP fragmentation  4.4.5 ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol ...
Document
Document

...  4.4.3 Datagram format  4.4.4 IP fragmentation  4.4.5 ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol ...
P00555: Multiservice Networks
P00555: Multiservice Networks

... Allows label mapping to be communicated in variety of ways How do u communicate label route information across the network ◦ LDP(label distribution protocol) ◦ OSPF and BGP enhancements ◦ RSVP ...
Chapter 4 slides
Chapter 4 slides

...  4.4.3 Datagram format  4.4.4 IP fragmentation  4.4.5 ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol ...
Routing  protocol Chapter  4 4.1 Introduction
Routing protocol Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction

... switching system given that node's advertised additive link metrics. Performing GCAC will add complexity to the signalling protocol, and will heighten the risk that the real CAC performed by a switch further along the path (possibly in another area) may faiL This failure will introduce crankback. A ...
QUESTION NO
QUESTION NO

... B. All distance vector protocols require fall back routers that may cause momentary loops as the  topology changes. C. Networks can only remain fully converged if all information about routers is sent out all active interfaces. D. Information about a route should not be sent back in the direction fr ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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