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Figure 17
Figure 17

... Bridges • Bridges forward at Layer2 based on destination MAC address in Ethernet frame – When Ethernet frame comes in, sent out only on port corresponding to MAC address in table ...
Introduction to Peer-to
Introduction to Peer-to

JS2216381642
JS2216381642

... network, performing label switching/swapping of MPLS traffic. Provider edge router:Provider edge router. The PE router sits at the edge of the MPLS SP cloud. In an MPLS VPN context, separate VRF routing tables are allocated for each user group. Also, the PE still contains a global routing table for ...
Title goes here
Title goes here

... Ingress router upon entry into an MPLS domain Subsequent packets are forwarded strictly according to their labels label is removed by egress LSR Each LSR maintains label to NHLFE mapping giving a set of entries for each FEC. Mapping can be changed for • load balancing over multiple paths • rerouting ...
ARP - Personal Web Pages
ARP - Personal Web Pages

...  Primarily used in Frame Relay and ATM networks ...
Network Protocols
Network Protocols

... For network layer addresses (i.e., IP addresses): It uses the FA address as destination address when using the FA COA and its own home address as the source address. If using a collocated COA it uses its COA as source address and the HA address as destination address. Note that if the ‘R’ bit is set ...
IP Addressing Basics
IP Addressing Basics

... IP addresses are used to uniquely identify individual TCP/IP networks and hosts, such as computers and printers, on those networks in order for devices to communicate. Workstations and servers on a TCP/IP network are called hosts and each has a unique IP address. This address is referred to as its h ...
Why 5-4-3?
Why 5-4-3?

... to the router interface that is the gateway or next hop used to reach that destination. – The source node will use the MAC address of the gateway as the destination address for frames containing an IPv4 packet addressed to hosts on other networks. ...
The Network Layer - London South Bank University
The Network Layer - London South Bank University

... b) However, in LSR, the link-state packet (LSP) defines the best known network topology (of an area) is sent to every routers (of other area) after it is constructed locally. Whereas RIP slowly converge to final routing list based information received from immediate neighbours. c) 3 keys to understa ...
Chapter Three
Chapter Three

... Application layer roughly corresponds to Session, Application, and Presentation layers of OSI Model Transport layer roughly corresponds to Transport and session layers of OSI Model Internet layer is equivalent to Network layer of OSI Model Network Interface layer roughly corresponds to Data Link and ...
hypercast-talk - University of Virginia, Department of Computer
hypercast-talk - University of Virginia, Department of Computer

... – Deployment has encountered severe scalability limitations in both the size and number of groups that can be supported – IP Multicast is still plagued with concerns pertaining to scalability, network management, deployment and support for error, flow and congestion control Jörg Liebeherr, 2001 ...
Networking Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks
Networking Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks

... The availability of micro-sensors and low-power wireless communications will enable the deployment of densely distributed sensor/actuator networks for a wide range of applications. Application domains are diverse and can encompass a variety of data types including acoustic, image, and various chemic ...
MF Concept Summary Slides - MobilityFirst
MF Concept Summary Slides - MobilityFirst

... Separation of naming & addressing Public-key globally unique identifier (GUID) and flat network address (NA) Storage-aware (GDTN) routing Multicast, multipath, anycast services Flexible inter-domain boundaries and aggregation level Early binding/late binding options Hop-by-hop (segmented) transport ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... – Deployment has encountered severe scalability limitations in both the size and number of groups that can be supported – IP Multicast is still plagued with concerns pertaining to scalability, network management, deployment and support for error, flow and congestion control Jörg Liebeherr, 2001 ...
Consensus in a Box: Inexpensive Coordination in Hardware
Consensus in a Box: Inexpensive Coordination in Hardware

... less guarantees for users who must then build more complex applications to deal with potential inconsistencies. The high price of consistency comes from the multiple rounds of communication required to reach agreement. Even in the absence of failures, a decision can be taken only as quickly as the n ...
Laura Protocol v0.1
Laura Protocol v0.1

... Phase using public/private type key exchange. The Gateway projects some of it's interface onto it's on board OLED screen. Options for local pairing can be selected using the 5-way pad. It also optionally displays active statistics from the network when idle. ...
MPLS
MPLS

...  Each switch needs a table that contains the actions it is to perform when a given label arrives.  The downstream end of a link needs to know what label values will be sent.  This can be done by management action – directly equivalent to PVC’s in ATM.  But this does not scale well.  And there i ...
router
router

ns-tutorial
ns-tutorial

... Ns-2 is an open source discrete event simulator used by the research community for research in networking [1]. It has support for both wired and wireless networks and can simulate several network protocols such as TCP, UDP, multicast routing, etc. More recently, support has been added for simulation ...
Network Layer - Donald Bren School of Information and Computer
Network Layer - Donald Bren School of Information and Computer

... Network Layer 4-10 ...
PDF
PDF

... not assume that SNMP is globally available, or that the discovery tool is allowed to participate in routing protocols such as OSPF or DVMRP. Moreover, we would like our algorithms to be: ...
A Promise Theory Perspective on Data Networks Paul Borrill Mark Burgess Todd Craw
A Promise Theory Perspective on Data Networks Paul Borrill Mark Burgess Todd Craw

... for its perceived simplicity in small isolated networks. It’s limitations have to do with scaling of the manual configuration and broadcast domains. VLAN is a brute force routing mechanism that scales linearly with the number of addresses in a container. Containers are not localized in physical spac ...
paper
paper

... In contrast to §111-A, the examples in this section employ intraflow network coding, i.e., routers mix packets heading to the same destination. As a result of this mixing, each received packet contains some information about all packets in the original file, and thus, no coded packet is special. Sai ...
Overview of the Blue Gene/L system architecture
Overview of the Blue Gene/L system architecture

... behaviors of applications. In general, scaling is bounded by two different scaling limits: the weak and the strong. Weak scaling relates to scaling the application in such a way that the local data volume remains relatively fixed as the number of nodes is increased. Strong scaling refers to holding th ...
Chapter 04_01 - UniMAP Portal
Chapter 04_01 - UniMAP Portal

... 4.2 virtual circuit and datagram networks 4.3 what’s inside a router 4.4 IP: Internet Protocol ...
< 1 ... 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 ... 265 >

IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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