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ROBUSTNESS AGAINST LARGE-SCALE FAILURES IN COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Juan SEGOVIA SILVERO Dipòsit legal: GI-251-2012
ROBUSTNESS AGAINST LARGE-SCALE FAILURES IN COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Juan SEGOVIA SILVERO Dipòsit legal: GI-251-2012

... are not effective when large-scale multiple failures arise, that is, when a significant portion of the network fails simultaneously. Large-scale failures usually have serious consequences in terms of the economic loss they cause and the disruption they bring upon thousands or even millions of users. ...
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... Exponential growth of the Internet! – 32-bit address fields are getting too small. – Early predictions: it’d take decades to achieve 100,000 network mark. – 100,000th. network was connected in 1996! – Internet is rapidly running out of IP addresses! – Waste due to hierarchical address. ...
Ethernet in Automation
Ethernet in Automation

... Communication in the subsystems of automation equipment providers is handled in most cases with the use of master-slave communication. The bus master performs network channel arbitration and thus avoids collisions. Some systems employ dedicated IC‘s in order to address the MAC-layer. Die option to u ...
Chapter 7 Power Point Show
Chapter 7 Power Point Show

... Novell IPX is a proprietary suite of protocols and include the following: Datagram, connectionless protocol that does not require an acknowledgment for each packet. Layer 3 protocol that defines the internetwork and internode addresses. Novell NetWare uses: Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to faci ...
A Brief Survey of Radio Access Network Backhaul Evolution: Part I
A Brief Survey of Radio Access Network Backhaul Evolution: Part I

ch19
ch19

... b. The last address can be found by ORing the given addresses with the complement of the mask. ORing here is done bit by bit. The result of ORing 2 bits is 0 if both bits are 0s; the result is 1 otherwise. The complement of a number is found by changing each 1 to 0 and each 0 to 1. ...
A Music Generation System Inspired by Complex Systems Theory
A Music Generation System Inspired by Complex Systems Theory

... There are several aspects to the core: the relationship between the architecture and the functions, the rules, and the relationship between the architecture and the rules. We now discuss each of these in turn. Relationship between Architecture and Functions NetWorks consists of 64 nodes linked toget ...
Compressed Color Histograms for Image Retrieval
Compressed Color Histograms for Image Retrieval

... Real-time over SAN - Future works Real-time services • Normal data exchange • Synchronization of software processes • Real-time debugging • Clock synchronization • Group communication (many-tomany etc) • etc ...
Low Complexity Stable Link Scheduling for Maximizing Throughput
Low Complexity Stable Link Scheduling for Maximizing Throughput

... control overhead O(k) that achieves k/(k +2) efficiency ratio. Our results: Our main contributions are as follows. It is known that pick and compare scheme provides 100% throughput guarantee if we can pick an optimum scheduling with at least a constant probability, but it may have a very large time ...
The Network Layer
The Network Layer

... Distributing the Link State Packets The trickiest part of the algorithm is distributing the link state packets reliably. As the packets are distributed and installed, the routers getting the first ones will change their routes. Consequently, the different routers may be using different versions of ...
Introduction to Computer Networks
Introduction to Computer Networks

... • Routers do not need to have knowledge of the entire path to a dest. • Direction in which route or exit interface a packet should be forwarded • Distance from its destination (distance can be cost, or real geographical distance) ...
Layer 3 IP Packet
Layer 3 IP Packet

...  Used to connect routers to external networks, usually over a larger geographical distance.  The Layer 2 encapsulation can be different types including:  PPP  Frame Relay  HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control).  Similar to LAN interfaces, each WAN interface has its own IP address and subnet mask ...
Active Switch Systems for Harsh Environments
Active Switch Systems for Harsh Environments

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Routing Requirements: – Correctness – Simplicity - PolyU

... one in the table, the router should replace the entry in the table with the new one. • ii. If the advertised hop count is not smaller, the router should do nothing. ...
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... Distribute file location and decentralize lookup. Idea: multicast the request Hot to find a file: - Send request to all neighbors - Neighbors recursively multicast the request - Eventually a machine that has the file receives the request, and it sends back the answer ...
Chapter 4: Network Layer
Chapter 4: Network Layer

... New VC number comes from forwarding table Network Layer 4-13 ...
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... on the time for a packet to be delivered to any neighboring node (the receive delay bound ), and on the total amount of time for a sender to receive an acknowledgment of successful delivery to all neighbors (the acknowledgment delay bound ). It also provides a bound on the amount of time for a recei ...
Explain how the TCP/IP protocols correlate to layers of
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... Developed by Department of Defense  ARPANET (1960s) Internet precursor Popularity  Low cost  Communicates between dissimilar platforms  Open nature  Routable Spans more than one LAN (LAN segment)  Flexible Runs on combinations of network operating systems or network media Disadvantage: require ...
Live migration of processes maintaining multiple
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... – Massively Multi-player Online Games (MMPOG) – Networked Virtual Environments (NVE) – Distributed Simulations such as the High-Level Architecture (HLA) ...
Semester 2 Chapter 12 - Institute of Technology Sligo
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... The show ip interfaces command displays the status and global parameters associated with an interface. The Cisco IOS software automatically enters a directly-connected route in the routing table if the interface is one through which software can send and receive packets. Such an interface is marked ...
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... Without the ability to control the firmware functionality of wireless cards, and without the source code to develop custom firmware, an attacker does not have the ability to alter the value of the sequence control field in the 802.11 header. By analyzing sequence number patterns, we can identify tra ...
Beware of the Hidden! How Cross-traffic Affects
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... enables low latency streaming services and guaranteed data transmission in switched Ethernet networks. The real-time Ethernet extension originates from the multimedia domain where synchronization, jitter and latency constraints of the applications are high. Ethernet AVB guarantees latencies under 2 ...
BlackDiamond® 10808 - Smart Technologies
BlackDiamond® 10808 - Smart Technologies

Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony using SIP
Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony using SIP

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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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