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multicast
multicast

... • Widely used on the old MBONE (being phased out) • Significant scaling problems – Slow Convergence—RIP-like behavior – Significant amount of multicast routing state information stored in routers—(S,G) everywhere – No support for shared trees – Maximum number of hops < 32 ...
356961: Internet Protocols
356961: Internet Protocols

...  Bit stuffing is used so that framing characters do not occur in the frame payload.  CRC is based upon the idea that it is highly unlikely for an uncorrupted packet to be perfectly divisible by the CRC polynomial.  Random access MAC protocols tend to perform very well at low loads in terms ...
Bruk Assefa Yirdaw Tuning a Campus Network
Bruk Assefa Yirdaw Tuning a Campus Network

... a building, or a collection of collocated buildings. These businesses give support to different types of services from voice and video to critical data. ...
physical address.
physical address.

... Traditionally the transport layer represented in TCP/IP by TCP and UDP . IP is host-to-host protocol, deliver a packet from one physical device to another. UDP and TCP are transport level protocols responsible for delivery of a message from a process to another process. – SCTP, has been devised to m ...
Document
Document

... address). Every packet with destination address in the range 145.14.0.0 to 145.14.255.255 is delivered to the interface m4 and distributed to the final destination subnet by the router. Second, we have used the address x.y.z.t/n for the interface m4 because we do not know to which network this route ...
Survey on Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
Survey on Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

... A. Flat Routing : In Flat routing protocol all node play same role. Each node distributes data to other reachable node within the sensor cloud. Link utilization differs greatly between different routing algorithms [1]. Flooding [6], Gossiping [7] and SPIN[11] are example of flat routing protocols. I ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 4
3rd Edition: Chapter 4

...  routers: no state about end-to-end connections  no network-level concept of “connection”  packets forwarded using destination host address  packets between same source-dest pair may take different paths ...
A Framework to Support IP over WDM Using Optical Burst Switching *
A Framework to Support IP over WDM Using Optical Burst Switching *

... bandwidth to its fullest potential [5]. This necessitates the elimination of optics-electronics-optics conversion at the intermediate nodes in the end-to-end data path. Ideally, one would like to deploy an all-optical packet switch eliminating the electronics altogether. However, due to a number of ...
lecture24
lecture24

...  If the routing information changes during the update process the router will immediately broadcast the modified tables to its neighbors (called a triggered update) ...
IP_Suite - Virginia Tech
IP_Suite - Virginia Tech

... businesses) when assigned ONE (or a small set) externally NAT router replaces source address in outgoing packets with global NAT address NAT router replaces destination address in incoming packets with appropriate private address ...
Moving beyond TCP/IP
Moving beyond TCP/IP

Intro to ATM - CS Course Webpages
Intro to ATM - CS Course Webpages

... • Returns ATM address of LES, type of LAN emulated, and maximum PDU size of ELAN • Controls which physical LANs are combined to form VLANs (Virtual LAN) • LECS address known via ILMI or its well-known NSAP address ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)

... outgoing links) across the network periodically or upon a significant change. With such information, at any instant each node can locally depict an instant view of the entire network. To accommodate a QoS request, the source locally computes a QoS satisfied route (if available) and route data packet ...
ex2-3-o-can
ex2-3-o-can

... CCNA2-10 ...
VIRL Personal Edition March 2015 Webinar
VIRL Personal Edition March 2015 Webinar

... Configured using ‘Build Initial Configurations’ function or manually, just like other Cisco VMs ...
SSM-Ping: A Ping Utility for Source Specific Multicast
SSM-Ping: A Ping Utility for Source Specific Multicast

... pinging host via unicast. This essentially informs an end system (pinging host) about the fact that there are a number of receivers that received the request on the group address. This information has only very limited use/value and the mechanism is vulnerable to feedback implosion problem. Therefor ...
Chapter 1 - Prof J. Noorul Ameen ME
Chapter 1 - Prof J. Noorul Ameen ME

... computer systems implement their network protocols as part of the operating system, when we refer to the interface “exported by the network”, we are generally referring to the interface that the OS provides to its ...
IDEALIST data plane solutions
IDEALIST data plane solutions

... building blocks and to analyze candidate applications. Keywords—optical communication; elastic optical networks; ...
Document
Document

... clients of a WLAN and allows connection to a wired network (bridge) An AP is a wireless hub. Different from a wireless router (very common nowadays). A wireless router is a combination of an AP and a router and may execute more complex functions than a simple AP. ...
1 Which of the following devices can we use to segment our lan
1 Which of the following devices can we use to segment our lan

... (E) number of usable IP addresses of the subnet is 8 29 A border router Z is connected to three internal routers A, B, C. Subnets connected to router A are 200.168.98.0/24, 200.168.99.0/24. Subnets connected to router B are 200.168.100.0/24, 200.168.101.0/24, 200.168.102.0/24. The subnet connected r ...
1 Which of the following devices can we use to segment our lan
1 Which of the following devices can we use to segment our lan

Debunking 10 Gigabit Ethernet Myths
Debunking 10 Gigabit Ethernet Myths

Lab 15 - Kno.e.sis
Lab 15 - Kno.e.sis

Trading Structure for Randomness in Wireless Opportunistic Routing
Trading Structure for Randomness in Wireless Opportunistic Routing

... from the destination (which could potentially have transmitted at the same time as nodes close to the destination due to spatial reuse), cannot, since they have to wait for the nodes close to the destination to finish transmitting. Hence the scheduler has the side effect of preventing a flow from ex ...
Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification
Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification

... – Computer communication requires common protocol – Human communication requires common dialect ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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