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View File - University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
View File - University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

... existing proposals are typically attack-oriented in that they first identify several security threats and then enhance the existing protocol or propose a new protocol to thwart such threats. Because the solutions are designed explicitly with certain attack models in mind, they work well in the prese ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p-ISSN: 2278-8727 PP 00-00 www.iosrjournals.org
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p-ISSN: 2278-8727 PP 00-00 www.iosrjournals.org

... Anyone with a transceiver can eavesdrop on wireless transmissions, inject spurious messages, or jam legitimate ones. While eaves- dropping and message injection can be prevented using cryptographic methods, jamming attacks a remuch harder to counter. They have been shown to actualize severe Denial-o ...
Scaling the Network: The Internet Protocol Networking CS 3470, Section 1
Scaling the Network: The Internet Protocol Networking CS 3470, Section 1

... An arbitrary collection of networks interconnected to provide some sort of host-host packet delivery service ...
An Alliance Based Peering Scheme for P2P Live Media Streaming
An Alliance Based Peering Scheme for P2P Live Media Streaming

... Introduction - Current Issues ...
IEEE 802.11 based WLANs
IEEE 802.11 based WLANs

... A ring consists of a single or dual (FDDI) cable in the shape of a loop Each station is only connected to each of its two nearest neighbors. Data in the form of packets pass around the ring from one station to another in uni-directional way. Advantages :  (1) Access method supports heavy load witho ...
tutorial7
tutorial7

... • RPF+ (improvement - look one step further) – A router forwards packets only to the neighbors that it is their “father” on the shortest path from a source ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 3
3rd Edition: Chapter 3

... RIP: link failure, recovery if no advertisement heard after 180 sec --> neighbor/link declared dead  routes via neighbor invalidated  new advertisements sent to neighbors  neighbors in turn send out new advertisements (if ...
Chapter 19 - William Stallings, Data and Computer
Chapter 19 - William Stallings, Data and Computer

... some members of group may not require delivery from particular source over given time some group members may only be able to handle a portion of the transmission reservation means routers can decide in advance if ...
Document
Document

... — No reference to packets that have gone before — Each node chooses next node on path — Packets with same destination address do not follow same route — May arrive out of sequence — Exit node or destination restores packets to original order — Packet may be destroyed in transit — Either exit node or ...
Document
Document

... maps and giving directions  Forwarding = moving packets between interfaces according to the “directions” ...
(IS-IS) draft-li-isis-degradation-isolation-problem-00
(IS-IS) draft-li-isis-degradation-isolation-problem-00

... – the network error can not be isolated automatically – The error ratio of IP packets increases ...
Network Devices - York Technical College
Network Devices - York Technical College

... database is built and best paths chosen, traffic is minimized because updates only occur when there is a topology change, (for example, a network goes down) and LSAs are exchanged to make the update in the database. ...
Lecture 6: Vector
Lecture 6: Vector

... • Key to protocol families is that communication occurs logically at the same level of the protocol, called peer-topeer, but is implemented via services at the lower level • Danger is each level increases latency if implemented as hierarchy (e.g., multiple check sums) ...
Lecture 13: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Lecture 13: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

... dest_sequence_#, hop_cnt,lifetime> to neighbor from which it has received the RREQ. • Intermediate node respond the same but with hop_cnt set to its distance from the destination. • RREP travels back to the source along the reverse path • Each upstream node updates dest_sequence_#, sets up a forward ...
ECEN5553 Week 3
ECEN5553 Week 3

... IEEE 802.1p Priority Tags 8 priorities  MAC protocols remain unchanged  Used by 802.1p enabled switches ...
lecture
lecture

...  Generating a Token (and agreeing on TTRT)  execute when join ring or suspect a failure  send a claim frame that includes the node’s TTRT bid  when receive claim frame, update the bid and forward  if your claim frame makes it all the way around the ring: • your bid was the lowest ...
Constraint-based routing
Constraint-based routing

... L2VPNs - Allows networks based on link-layer technology to be interconnected via an MPLS backbone (huge parts of the provider networks are based on legacy technology like ATM, Frame Relay or Ethernet). The difference between L3 and L2 VPNs can be found in the relation between Provider Edge (PE) and ...
ppt
ppt

... Transparent Bridges / Switches • Design goals: • Self-configuring without hardware or software changes • Bridge do not impact the operation of the individual LANs ...
chap2_2ed_5July02 - Mount Holyoke College
chap2_2ed_5July02 - Mount Holyoke College

... Bridges + and • + Bridge operation is simpler requiring less packet processing • + Bridge tables are self learning • - All traffic confined to spanning tree, even when alternative bandwidth is available • - Bridges do not offer protection from broadcast storms ...
Introduction
Introduction

... – switches ...
Chapter 11 Interior Routing Protocols
Chapter 11 Interior Routing Protocols

... —If larger metric allowed, convergence becomes lengthy ...
Chp. 4, Part III - comp
Chp. 4, Part III - comp

... • Split horizon is another solution to solving 2node routing loop. – A node will not advertise a route back to another node that serves as the next hop for that route. – For example, B, C, F will not advertise their routes to E back to A. ...
PowerPoint - ECSE - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
PowerPoint - ECSE - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

... The CBR service is most useful for variable-bit-rate, adaptive data transport The key difference between GFR and UBR is that the former allows the minimum frame rates (instead of minimum cell rates) and emulates an equivalent of a frame-relay VC ABR provides a feedback-based traffic mana ...
ANANDH.C.BOSE Email Id: Career
ANANDH.C.BOSE Email Id: Career

... User is allowed to login to the site by using a unique user name and password. After successfully logging in,he is given facility to order for the services he need. ...
Network Devices
Network Devices

... the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. • Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer • However a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segm ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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