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DATA ALCOTT SYSTEM, www.finalsemprojects.com 09600095046
DATA ALCOTT SYSTEM, www.finalsemprojects.com 09600095046

... severe threat, that of wormhole attacks, which undermines the performance gain of network coding. Since the underlying characteristics of network coding systems are distinctly different from traditional wireless networks, the impact of wormhole attacks and countermeasures are generally unknown. It i ...
Computer Communication Networks HW8 2009/01/08 39. A network
Computer Communication Networks HW8 2009/01/08 39. A network

... little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it? Ans: As far as the receiver is concerned, this is a part of new datagram, since no other parts of it are known. It will therefore be queued until the rest show up. If they do not, this one will time out too. 51. A person who l ...
Chapter 12 Routing
Chapter 12 Routing

... • No network info required • Packet sent by node to every neighbor • Incoming packets retransmitted on every link except incoming link • Eventually a number of copies will arrive at destination • Each packet is uniquely numbered so duplicates can be discarded • Nodes can remember packets already for ...
Stochastic Analysis of Dynamic Computer Processes
Stochastic Analysis of Dynamic Computer Processes

... entry-points to the network. Search: • A node sends query to its neighbors. • They in turn forward it to their neighbors: − decrement “Time to Live (TTL)’’ for query; − query dies when TTL = 0. ...
Chapter 8: Packet Switching and Routing
Chapter 8: Packet Switching and Routing

... Delay, Cost Decision time: Packet, session Decision place: Distributed, centralized, Source Network information source: None, local, adjacent nodes, nodes along route, all nodes Routing strategy: Fixed, adaptive, random, flooding Adaptive routing update time: Continuous, periodic, topology change, m ...
AODV-BR: Backup Routing in Ad hoc Networks
AODV-BR: Backup Routing in Ad hoc Networks

... have a route, it broadcasts a route request (RREQ) packet across the network . Nodes receiving this packet update their information for the source node and set up backwards pointers to the source node in the route tables . In addition to the source node's IP address, current sequence number, and bro ...
Systems Area: OS and Networking
Systems Area: OS and Networking

... One or very few applications running on a sensornet vs huge number running in the Internet ...
Looking deeper into ARQ “frames”
Looking deeper into ARQ “frames”

... • “Frame” vs “ack”: – Both are frames (groups of bits); “Frame” means carrying payload data – Both ends might want to transmit data; more complicated. – May be distinguished by a type field in packet header (and/or time of transmission – e.g. WiFi acks) ...
Multiple Access and Spanning Tree
Multiple Access and Spanning Tree

... • When there are multiple shortest paths to the root, choose the path that uses the neighbor switch with the lower ID. • One could use any tiebreaking system, but this is an easy one to remember and implement • In homeworks and test, remember this. ...
Performance Metric
Performance Metric

Chapter 5: ARP
Chapter 5: ARP

networking
networking

... Mask: 255.255.255.0 (255 = 11111111) CIDR Notation: N.N.N.H/24 ...
Document
Document

... brings the host’s CPU to its knees attempting to process all the packets. – An attacker interfaces with the packets that are flowing between two nodes. – In the case of mobile node, if an attacker send a request message to HA as his IP address as the care of address for a mobile node then: • Attacke ...
A Connectionless Approach to Intra- and Inter
A Connectionless Approach to Intra- and Inter

... existing multi-paths. We propose a two phase validation algorithm for this purpose. The main idea behind the validation algorithm is that a path is “valid” or forwarding along a path exists if the path suffix is valid. In the first phase a router computes all the available paths. In the second phase ...
Chapter 39 - Personal Web Pages
Chapter 39 - Personal Web Pages

...  Instead of 5GB being necessary  Three 50MB files (150MB) are needed ...
ppt
ppt

... • Programming network applications requires knowledge of the protocol and the communication layers. From the perspective of applications networking is a service that allows an application to send and receive data from other computers. • PCs connected to the network have unique addresses/names known ...
Node Localization in Sensor Networks
Node Localization in Sensor Networks

...  Each node names data with one or more attributes  Other nodes express interests based on these attributes  Network nodes propagate the interests and results back to the sink  Negative gradients inhibit the propagation of information & positive gradients encourage information propagation  Assum ...
Chapter 15 Local Area Networks
Chapter 15 Local Area Networks

... • Bridge only analyzes and forwards one frame at a time • Switch has multiple parallel data paths — Can handle multiple frames at a time ...
CSCI-1680 :: Computer Networks
CSCI-1680 :: Computer Networks

Network Protocols Designed for Optimizability Jennifer Rexford Computer Science Department Princeton University
Network Protocols Designed for Optimizability Jennifer Rexford Computer Science Department Princeton University

... the traffic matrix from other measurement data, such as link utilization statistics [5], with varying degrees of accuracy, but the problem remains challenging. As an another example, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)— the interdomain routing protocol for the Internet—has a tie-breaking rule that dep ...
ppt - NOISE
ppt - NOISE

... – IP relies on connectivity to next hop, access to medium – IP provides a datagram service • Best effort delivery • Packets may be lost, corrupted, reordered, etc. – Layers on top of IP (e.g., TCP) may guarantee reliable, in-order delivery ...
Multiple Processor Systems
Multiple Processor Systems

... src to destination; IP (Internet Protocol) –  Transport – provides a msg service to apps; apps don’t need to care that communication is in packets; TCP, UDP –  Application – implementing app need; Web, DNS, P2P, email … and protocols like HTTP, DNS, SMTP … Application Transport Network Link ...
PPTX - UCSB Computer Science
PPTX - UCSB Computer Science

... requirements, no meta data, no replication – same with Random (but random gives an edge in low mobility environments) – best suited to achieve highest power savings Contrary would be epidemic – highest delivery ratio, high latency – not desirable even with high resources (storage and power) All thre ...
Security In Wireless Sensor Networks
Security In Wireless Sensor Networks

... requires that keys be set up among all end points and be incompatible with passive participation and local broadcast – link-layer cryptography with a network-wide shared key simplifies key setup and supports passive participation and local broadcast, but intermediate nodes might eavesdrop or alter m ...
Networking
Networking

... TCP – verifies the accurate delivery of data from client to server. TCP can detect errors or lost data and controls re-transmission if the data is not accurate or entirely received ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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