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Ethernet - Gadjah Mada University
Ethernet - Gadjah Mada University

... protocol (for example, Ethernet to Ethernet) and also between different protocols (for example, Ethernet to Token Ring). Bridge entities are defined by IEEE 802.1 standards. Ethernet ...
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... none of the versions of Ethernet uses straight binary encoding with 0 volts for a 0bit and 5 volts for a 1 bit. all Ethernet systems use manchester encoding due to its simplicity ...
Internet Routing
Internet Routing

... RIP: Link Failure and Recovery If no advertisement heard after 180 sec  neighbor/link declared dead • routes via neighbor invalidated • new advertisements sent to neighbors • neighbors in turn send out new advertisements (if tables changed) • link failure info quickly propagates to entire net • po ...
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture - Department of Electrical Engineering
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture - Department of Electrical Engineering

... host itself (usually the host is identified by its physical address within a network). An IP address consists of two parts: network ID and host ID (more on formats of IP addresses later). IP addresses on the Internet are distributed in a hierarchical way. At the top of the hierarchy is ICANN (Intern ...
Chapter 8 Hardware Address & Frame Type Identification
Chapter 8 Hardware Address & Frame Type Identification

... sender sends a packet destined for all network nodes by using a reserved broadcast address such as FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF in Ethernet frame  network interface card on each machine looks at the destination field of every packet. If the destination address in the frame is the broadcast address or matches ...
Routing - University of Pittsburgh
Routing - University of Pittsburgh

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PPT
PPT

... prefix in its forwarding table. ...
Distributed Offline Load Balancing in MapReduce Networks
Distributed Offline Load Balancing in MapReduce Networks

... Propose: a distributed algorithm, robustified ratio consensus such that each mapper finishes its allocated workload at approximately the same time as the other mappers allows mappers on heterogeneous nodes to operate asynchronously operates in directed networks mappers converge to proportional workl ...
Slide 1 - Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science
Slide 1 - Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

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Wireless Networks

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... • Utilizes same RREQ/RREP message cycle • Shared tree composed of group members and connecting nodes is formed • Dynamic Group Membership • Group Leader : • Maintains and distributes group sequence number • Is not a central point of failure. ...
Traffic Engineering and Routing
Traffic Engineering and Routing

... • forwarding scheme • at ingress of MPLS network, IP packets are classified, tagged, and routed • at next router, tag is used to determine destination • before leaving, tag is removed ...
100% real exam questions answers
100% real exam questions answers

... A dedicated switch port is required for each full-duplex node. Ethernet hub ports are preconfigured for full-duplex mode. In a full-duplex environment, the host network card must check for the availability of the network media before transmitting. E. The host network card and the switch port must be ...
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...  A token-passing scheme is used by some IBM and HP/Apollo systems  Message slots - A number of fixed-length message slots continuously circulate in the system (usually a ring structure)  Since a slot can contain only fixed-sized messages, a single logical message may have to be broken down into a ...
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Napster & Gnutella

... descriptor is expected to respond with one or more Pong descriptors. •Pong: the response to a Ping. Each Pong packet contains a Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) plus address of servent and information regarding the amount of data it is making available to the network) ...
Lecture 12 - Personal Web Pages - University of North Carolina at
Lecture 12 - Personal Web Pages - University of North Carolina at

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HY3313681373

... nodes may not hear each other’s transmission). In this case, the node has to detect if is message was destroyed (collision detection). The node then sends a jam signal for 512 bit times to intimate to the stations on the network that a collision has occurred. The station then waits for a random amou ...
NEONET Netherlands Earth Observation Network
NEONET Netherlands Earth Observation Network

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RIP & OSPF
RIP & OSPF

... Counting-to-infinity problem: Simple configuration A->B->C. If C fails, B needs to update and thinks there is a route through A. A needs to update and thinks there is a route thru B.  No clear solution, except to set “infinity” to be small (eg 16 in RIP)  Split-horizon: If A’s route to C is thru B ...
PPT - web.iiit.ac.in
PPT - web.iiit.ac.in

... • Bridges are store-and-forward devices • When a bridge receives a frame with destination MAC address DD-DD-…etc from interface x – It indexes its table using the MAC address and locates the interface which leads to DD-DD-.. say y – If x==y, then frame is from same LAN segment and need not be forwar ...
Anderson
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... If an AS receives a new path, start using it right away Forward the path to neighbors, with a minimum intermessage interval •  essential to prevent exponential message blowup Path eventually propagates in this fashion to all AS’s ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)

... that falsely claim itself as a valid node. It will accept the information and will not forward the information to next nodes. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) will be used to detect such kind of attacks, but these attacks slows down the performance of IDS. To improve the performance of IDS and to ha ...
EE 122: Computer Networks
EE 122: Computer Networks

... • Each router maintains a table – Row for each possible destination – Column for each directly-attached neighbor to node – Entry in row Y and column Z of node X  best known distance from X to Y, via ...
Ethernet and Interconnection Devices
Ethernet and Interconnection Devices

... A simple example of switched Ethernet  If all ports on a card wired together, each card becomes an on-card LAN and forms ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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