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CCNA 3 Study Guide Answers-All
CCNA 3 Study Guide Answers-All

... Make sure your VLSM routes are not distant from each other. This way routes can be aggregated into one route in the routing table. 8. Is RIP v. 1 a classful or classless protocol? RIP v. 2? What does this mean? RIP v. 1 is classful; RIP v. 2 is classless. It means that RIP v. 1 must stay within the ...
Switching Techniques: Circuit Switching Message Switching packet
Switching Techniques: Circuit Switching Message Switching packet

... Packets can follow different routes to the destination, and delivery is not guaranteed (although packets usually do follow the same route, and are reliably sent). Due to the nature of this method, the packets can reach the destination in a different order than they were sent, thus they must be sorte ...
T R ECHNICAL ESEARCH
T R ECHNICAL ESEARCH

... number of links in the network at any given time. If node 6 fails to admit the ow, 6 sends an ACF The TORA routing table is restructured in INORA message to 3 as shown in g.9 Associated with every destination, there is a list of next hops which is created by TORA. With the feedback that TORA recei ...
Switching Techniques: Circuit Switching
Switching Techniques: Circuit Switching

... Packets can follow different routes to the destination, and delivery is not guaranteed (although packets usually do follow the same route, and are reliably sent). Due to the nature of this method, the packets can reach the destination in a different order than they were sent, thus they must be sorte ...
A Performance and Power Analysis of WK
A Performance and Power Analysis of WK

... have implemented VHDL hardware model of mesh and WK-recursive topologies and measured the latency results using simulation with these implementation. We also propose a novel approach in high level power modeling based on latency for these topologies and show that the power consumption of WK-recursiv ...
2005-maltz-job-talk
2005-maltz-job-talk

... Decision plane • Contains logic to simultaneously compute routes and enforce reachability matrix • Multiple Decision Elements per network, using simple election protocol to pick master Dissemination plane • Uses source routes to direct control messages • Extremely simple, but can route around failed ...
slides - network systems lab @ sfu
slides - network systems lab @ sfu

... • Typically open  ...
PDF
PDF

... avoidance of congestion on any one path. It is important to note that traffic engineering does not necessarily select the shortest path between two devices. It is possible that, for two packet data flows, the packets may traverse completely different paths even though their originating node and the ...
net-transport
net-transport

... The TCP Protocol (in a nutshell)  DupACK not necessarily indicator of congestion  Can happen due to out of order (OOO) delivery of packets ...
Brain-Slug: a BGP-Only SDN for Large-Scale Data
Brain-Slug: a BGP-Only SDN for Large-Scale Data

... Simple REST to manipulate network state “overrides” List of the supported calls: - Logically shutdown/un-shutdown a link - Logically shutdown/un-shutdown a device - Announce a prefix with next-hop set via a device - Read current state of the down links/devices etc PUT http://.../overload/link/add=R1 ...
User Manual.
User Manual.

... through a contextual menu opened by right clicking a displayed node (see “Node information” under “Stage 3” below). ...
CCNA3:LAN
CCNA3:LAN

... a. Mode: Rapid PVST b. SW1 has a priority of 24576 for VLAN 20 and is the secondary root bridge for VLAN 10 c. SW2 is the primary root bridge for VLAN 10 and has a priority of 28672 for VLAN 20 d. SW3 is the primary root bridge for VLAN 99 e. All ports in access mode transitioning directly to forwar ...
Chapter 1. Introduction to Data Communications
Chapter 1. Introduction to Data Communications

... • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) (also called cell relay) was originally designed to carry both voice and data traffic over WANs. It is also used in backbone networks. • In the WAN, ATM almost always uses SONET as its hardware layer. In backbones, ATM is often implemented as a standalone protocol. ...
Basic Internetworking
Basic Internetworking

... The first network has an MTU of 1024 bytes; the second has a MTU of 576 bytes. Each network’s MTU gives the size of the largest IP datagram that can be carried in a link-layer frame. Give the sizes and offsets of the sequence of fragments delivered to the network layer at the destination host. Assum ...
Session_14
Session_14

... • Demand-based operation: Instead of assuming an uniform traffic distribution within the network (and maintaining routing between all nodes at all times), let the routing algorithm adapt to the traffic pattern on a demand or need basis. If this is done intelligently, it can utilize network energy an ...
document
document

... – Algorithm that transmits and decodes formatted frames ...
CN26622627
CN26622627

... define the normal state. However, in MANET where the network state changes frequently, the predefined normal state may not accurately reflect the present network state. In this paper, we use a reactive routing protocol known as Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing [4] for analysis of the ...
Presentation3
Presentation3

... value in arriving packet’s header ...
Document
Document

... Other Protocols in the Network Layer • TCP/IP supports four other protocols in the network layer: ARP, RARP, ICMP, and IGMP. • Address Resolution protocol (ARP) associates an IP address with the physical address. ARP is used to find the physical address of the node when its Internet address is know ...
Balancing Systematic and Flexible Exploration of Social Networks
Balancing Systematic and Flexible Exploration of Social Networks

... because it is a natural way to communicate connectivity and allows for fast pattern recognition by humans. However, there are great challenges when visualizing networks [9, 18]. There are many layout algorithms that attempt to calculate the position of each node and the curve of each link to minimiz ...
Socially-aware Routing for Publish-Subscribe in Delay
Socially-aware Routing for Publish-Subscribe in Delay

... + , this means that, for interest i, n is a better carrier than the local node (line 3).  is an hysteresis threshold which forbids that the message is bounced back and forward between hosts with similar fluctuating utilities. Otherwise, the local node is still the best carrier for messages tagged ...
Chapter5
Chapter5

... frame contains A-to-B IP datagram A’s adapter sends frame R’s adapter receives frame R removes IP datagram from Ethernet frame, sees its destined to B R uses ARP to get B’s MAC address R creates frame containing A-to-B IP datagram sends to B ...
Non-perturbative heterogeneous mean
Non-perturbative heterogeneous mean

... Note that while the system of Eqs. (1) always converges to a solution [38, 39], Eq. (4) can be mapped to a logistic function when the reproductive ratio R = β̃/µ̃ > 1, thus giving rise to basic periodicity, bifurcations and chaotic behavior depending on the parameters [38]. Although both description ...
Layer-2-Network Design
Layer-2-Network Design

... – Source and/or Destination MAC address – Source and/or Destination IP address – Source and/or Destination Port numbers • This can lead to unbalanced use of the links, depending on the nature of the traffic • Always choose the load-balancing method that provides the most distribution ...
Chap 18 - The University of Tulsa
Chap 18 - The University of Tulsa

... In a connection-oriented service (also called virtualcircuit approach), there is a relationship between all packets belonging to a message. ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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