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11-BGP
11-BGP

... • Number links as (+1, 0, -1) for provider, peer and customer • In any path should only see sequence of +1, followed by at most one 0, followed by sequence of -1 ...
Wireless Vibration and Temperature Sensor
Wireless Vibration and Temperature Sensor

Chapter 5
Chapter 5

...  Can be used to combine Ethernet segments using different Ethernet technologies with Ethernet bridges  10Base2, 100BaseT, 10Base2 = can use a Gigabit bridge ...
IT 605 - IIT Bombay
IT 605 - IIT Bombay

... – choice of appropriate paths from source to destination ...
Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-Based Multi
Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-Based Multi

2.1 Chapter 2 Network Models
2.1 Chapter 2 Network Models

... “Encapsulation”: Each layer has its own PDU that’s passes (as a parameter) to the layer beneath, which in turn adds a “ header ”(at layer 2 also adds trailer”) before assign to the next layer (except the physical layer). Why “header” and “trailer”? Physical movement of information PDU is “vertical” ...
Streaming media Using VLC
Streaming media Using VLC

... The addresses from 239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 are called Limited Scope Addresses or Administratively Scoped Addresses. These are defined in RFC 2365 to be constrained to a local group or organisation. Routers are typically configured with filters to prevent multicast traffic in this address range ...
Powerpoint - Workshops
Powerpoint - Workshops

... Has neighbours only on the same area Has a level-1 LSDB with all routing information for the area May have neighbours in the same or other areas Has a Level-2 LSDB with all routing information about inter-area ...
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch

... Bridges (aka Ethernet switches) were introduced to allow the interconnection of several local area networks (LANs) without a router. By partitioning a large LAN into multiple smaller networks, there are fewer collisions, and more parallel communications. It is now common for the port of an Ethernet ...
Networking Essentials - Home :: Anand Mewalal
Networking Essentials - Home :: Anand Mewalal

... protocol. It is similair to a language. One person speaking in Japanese to another who cannot understand it. Open Systems interconnection : (OSI) : When networks first came into being, computers could typically communicate only with computers from the same manufacturer. Every Vendor has their Own pr ...
Introduction
Introduction

...  in the following figure, the switch has to multiplex three incoming packet streams onto one outgoing link  it is possible that the switch will receive packets faster than the shared link can accommodate  in this case, the switch is forced to buffer these packets in its memory  should a switch r ...
Privacy enhancing protocols for wireless networks
Privacy enhancing protocols for wireless networks

Chapter 4 - std-svn-uppa
Chapter 4 - std-svn-uppa

... determine towards which gateway it should forward packets for dest x.  This is also the job on inter-AS routing protocol!  Hot potato routing: send packet towards closest of two routers. ...
Final Report
Final Report

IEEE 802.11 WLAN
IEEE 802.11 WLAN

... Only the data is encrypted (the MAC layer is not changed after the encryption). WEP doesn’t protect from traffic analysis. RC4 – symmetric stream cipher algorithm with variable key length is used (same key and algorithm for encryption and decryption) ...
Data Networks, Summer 2007 Homework #1
Data Networks, Summer 2007 Homework #1

... (a) This simple input queueing router design is known to achieve very poor utilization. That is, the output ports are often not kept busy transmitting as much as possible. Explain why you think this design has such a low utilization problem. (10 points) The reason is that when packets from different ...
Chapter5link
Chapter5link

... encapsulate datagram into frame, adding header, trailer channel access if shared medium “MAC” addresses used in frame headers to identify source, dest • different from IP address! ...
Overview of Switches
Overview of Switches

... Fully Managed Layer2 and Layer3 switches: These switches provide the most complex features as per their design. The features include the best experience of application, high security, effective network control and management, high scalability in fixed configuration switches. As a result of these fea ...
Ch10
Ch10

... It is use to rate the trustworthiness of routing info received on one router from its neighboring routers A number between 0 to 255  0 is the most trusted  255 == no traffic should go there Entering to routing table if two routers both can reach an IP  Rule #1, go with a lower AD  Rule #2, if th ...
Open issues in routing techniques in ad hoc wireless sensor networks
Open issues in routing techniques in ad hoc wireless sensor networks

... very important way and that is in mobility. A MANET is a more general case where the participating laptops can either be stationary or move randomly with a random speed. As nodes within a MANET move, they move out of range of their neighbors and hence are no longer able to communicate with the old n ...
Link Prediction using Supervised Learning
Link Prediction using Supervised Learning

... Another recent work by Faloutsos et al. [10], although does not directly perform link prediction, is worth mentioning in this context. They introduced an object, called connection subgraph, which is defined as a small subgraph that best captures the relationship between two nodes in a social network ...
$doc.title

... –  Don’t  reserve  bandwidth  and  memory   –  Don’t  do  error  detecPon  and  correcPon   –  Don’t  remember  from  one  packet  to  next   ...


... Oracle Spatial Network Data Model API’s •  Oracle Spatial’s NDM was introduced in Oracle 10g. •  The entire network had to be loaded into memory before any network analysis (not a scalable solution). •  In Oracle 11g, load on demand (LOD) was introduced. •  With LOD, the network is divided into par ...
Network Layer Details - Information Technology
Network Layer Details - Information Technology

... • To implement subnetting, the main router will need a subnet mask that indicates the split between network + subnet number and host number • The masking process extracts the address of the physical network from an IP address (bitwise AND between the IP and mask); masking can be done either we have ...
3rd Edition: Chapter 4
3rd Edition: Chapter 4

... Key Network-Layer Functions  routing: determine route taken by packets ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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