routing-3
... group members no need to forward datagrams down subtree “prune” msgs sent upstream by router with no downstream group members LEGEND ...
... group members no need to forward datagrams down subtree “prune” msgs sent upstream by router with no downstream group members LEGEND ...
Repeaters and Bridges
... • The hub operates at the physical layer, forwarding an incoming signal to all other ports. • A switch operates at the data-link layer, forwarding a (unicast) message only to the ...
... • The hub operates at the physical layer, forwarding an incoming signal to all other ports. • A switch operates at the data-link layer, forwarding a (unicast) message only to the ...
Internet routing
... within AS a router builds topology picture using an interior routing protocol router issues UPDATE messages to other routers outside AS using BGP these routers exchange info with other routers in other ASs routers must then decide best routes for exterior routing ...
... within AS a router builds topology picture using an interior routing protocol router issues UPDATE messages to other routers outside AS using BGP these routers exchange info with other routers in other ASs routers must then decide best routes for exterior routing ...
chapter_19_routing
... within AS a router builds topology picture using an interior routing protocol router issues UPDATE messages to other routers outside AS using BGP these routers exchange info with other routers in other ASs routers must then decide best routes for exterior routing ...
... within AS a router builds topology picture using an interior routing protocol router issues UPDATE messages to other routers outside AS using BGP these routers exchange info with other routers in other ASs routers must then decide best routes for exterior routing ...
Novell IPX - Austin Community College
... In expanding an Ethernet LAN, to accommodate more devices with more bandwidth requirements, you can create separate physical network segments called collision domains so that collisions are limited to a single collision domain, rather than the entire network. In traditional Ethernet segments, the ne ...
... In expanding an Ethernet LAN, to accommodate more devices with more bandwidth requirements, you can create separate physical network segments called collision domains so that collisions are limited to a single collision domain, rather than the entire network. In traditional Ethernet segments, the ne ...
PDF
... You can double the throughput or create a standby link by stacking two bridges. A stacked installation consists of two bridge systems installed at the same physical location. For detailed mounting instructions refer to the Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Mounting Instructions that shipped ...
... You can double the throughput or create a standby link by stacking two bridges. A stacked installation consists of two bridge systems installed at the same physical location. For detailed mounting instructions refer to the Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Mounting Instructions that shipped ...
routing - ece.virginia.edu
... • Find shortest paths from source node s to all other nodes. – At each iteration, determine the “next closest node ” from the source s. • For each node that is still not in set M (the set containing nodes to which shortest paths from the source have already been computed), determine if its current d ...
... • Find shortest paths from source node s to all other nodes. – At each iteration, determine the “next closest node ” from the source s. • For each node that is still not in set M (the set containing nodes to which shortest paths from the source have already been computed), determine if its current d ...
Routing
... Routing tables can be computed based on state information about the network Data exchanged between nodes: ...
... Routing tables can be computed based on state information about the network Data exchanged between nodes: ...
Ch-8 Presentation
... Ethernet bridges and switches can implement the IEEE 802.1D SpanningTree Protocol and use the spanning-tree algorithm to construct a loop free shortest path network. Radia Perlman “is the inventor of the spanning tree algorithm used by bridges (switches), and the mechanisms that make link state rout ...
... Ethernet bridges and switches can implement the IEEE 802.1D SpanningTree Protocol and use the spanning-tree algorithm to construct a loop free shortest path network. Radia Perlman “is the inventor of the spanning tree algorithm used by bridges (switches), and the mechanisms that make link state rout ...
Broadcast Routing - UCLA Computer Science
... ARP protocol A knows B's IP address, wants to learn B's MAC address A broadcasts ARP query pkt, containing B's IP address Dest MAC address = FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF all machines on LAN receive ARP query B receives ARP packet, replies to A with its (B's) physical layer ...
... ARP protocol A knows B's IP address, wants to learn B's MAC address A broadcasts ARP query pkt, containing B's IP address Dest MAC address = FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF all machines on LAN receive ARP query B receives ARP packet, replies to A with its (B's) physical layer ...
PPT - web.iiit.ac.in
... • MAC (or LAN or physical or Ethernet) address: – Used to get frame from one interface to another physicallyconnected interface (same network) – 48 bit MAC address, typically burned in the adapter ROM • ARP: Address Resolution Protocol – Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses – Used to route packets in ...
... • MAC (or LAN or physical or Ethernet) address: – Used to get frame from one interface to another physicallyconnected interface (same network) – 48 bit MAC address, typically burned in the adapter ROM • ARP: Address Resolution Protocol – Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses – Used to route packets in ...
S5700-EI Series Gigabit Enterprise Switches
... • The S5700-EI supports enhanced trunk (E-Trunk) that enables a CE to be dual-homed to two PEs (S5700s). E-Trunk greatly enhances link reliability between devices and implements link aggregation between devices. This improves reliability of access devices. • The S5700-EI supports the Smart Ethernet ...
... • The S5700-EI supports enhanced trunk (E-Trunk) that enables a CE to be dual-homed to two PEs (S5700s). E-Trunk greatly enhances link reliability between devices and implements link aggregation between devices. This improves reliability of access devices. • The S5700-EI supports the Smart Ethernet ...
Network
... List of stations on the “side” of each port Forwards to port and on to LAN corresponding to Table Unless blocked Floods those whose MAC address not in Table Address Learning Spanning Tree Algorithm ...
... List of stations on the “side” of each port Forwards to port and on to LAN corresponding to Table Unless blocked Floods those whose MAC address not in Table Address Learning Spanning Tree Algorithm ...
IP MULTICAST
... source S to group G, it first checks in the standard unicast routing table that the incoming interface is the one that is used for sending unicast packets toward S. If this is not the case, it drops the packets and sends back a “prune (S,G)” message on the incoming interface. • The router will then ...
... source S to group G, it first checks in the standard unicast routing table that the incoming interface is the one that is used for sending unicast packets toward S. If this is not the case, it drops the packets and sends back a “prune (S,G)” message on the incoming interface. • The router will then ...
Chapter 3: Internetworking
... Since host A has to wait for the connection request to reach the far side of the network and return before it can send its first data packet, there is at least one RTT of delay before data is sent While the connection request contains the full address for host B (which might be quite large, being a ...
... Since host A has to wait for the connection request to reach the far side of the network and return before it can send its first data packet, there is at least one RTT of delay before data is sent While the connection request contains the full address for host B (which might be quite large, being a ...
Multiple Access Links and Protocols
... Max distance from node to Hub is 100 meters Hub can disconnect a “jabbering adapter”; 10base2 would not work if an adapter does not stop transmitting on the cable Hub can gather monitoring information and statistics for display to LAN administrators 100BaseT does not use Manchester encoding; ...
... Max distance from node to Hub is 100 meters Hub can disconnect a “jabbering adapter”; 10base2 would not work if an adapter does not stop transmitting on the cable Hub can gather monitoring information and statistics for display to LAN administrators 100BaseT does not use Manchester encoding; ...
Switching and Forwarding
... B1 receives a frame from Node X on LAN H to Node Y on LAN C. B1 registers an entry for Node X but not yet Node Y. B1 forward this frame to all ports except to LAN H. B7 receives the frame and forwards it to LAN B. B5 forwards it to LAN A and D. B1 receives again this frame and registers ...
... B1 receives a frame from Node X on LAN H to Node Y on LAN C. B1 registers an entry for Node X but not yet Node Y. B1 forward this frame to all ports except to LAN H. B7 receives the frame and forwards it to LAN B. B5 forwards it to LAN A and D. B1 receives again this frame and registers ...
Chapter 3: Internetworking
... Since host A has to wait for the connection request to reach the far side of the network and return before it can send its first data packet, there is at least one RTT of delay before data is sent While the connection request contains the full address for host B (which might be quite large, being a ...
... Since host A has to wait for the connection request to reach the far side of the network and return before it can send its first data packet, there is at least one RTT of delay before data is sent While the connection request contains the full address for host B (which might be quite large, being a ...
Ethernet and Interconnection Devices
... frame_size bits/channel_capacity bps > 2 s In 10-Mbps Ethernet, 2 = 50 s, therefore frame_size > 50 s x 10 Mbps = 500 bits, rounded up to 512 bits = 64 bytes As the network speed goes up minimum frame length must go up or maximum cable length must come down ...
... frame_size bits/channel_capacity bps > 2 s In 10-Mbps Ethernet, 2 = 50 s, therefore frame_size > 50 s x 10 Mbps = 500 bits, rounded up to 512 bits = 64 bytes As the network speed goes up minimum frame length must go up or maximum cable length must come down ...
Seven Bridges of Königsberg
... In 1736, Leonhard Euler proved that it was not possible. In proving the result, Euler formulated the problem in terms of graph theory, by abstracting the case of Königsberg — first, by eliminating all features except the landmasses and the bridges connecting them; second, by replacing each landmass ...
... In 1736, Leonhard Euler proved that it was not possible. In proving the result, Euler formulated the problem in terms of graph theory, by abstracting the case of Königsberg — first, by eliminating all features except the landmasses and the bridges connecting them; second, by replacing each landmass ...
Chapter 3
... Since host A has to wait for the connection request to reach the far side of the network and return before it can send its first data packet, there is at least one RTT of delay before data is sent While the connection request contains the full address for host B (which might be quite large, being a ...
... Since host A has to wait for the connection request to reach the far side of the network and return before it can send its first data packet, there is at least one RTT of delay before data is sent While the connection request contains the full address for host B (which might be quite large, being a ...
FastpathUD
... at redundant links that are automatically discarded by receiving ports. Redundant links represent a low percentage of total network links. • Reduction of ARP path broadcast to hosts requires (as other proposals), an ARP Proxy function or centralized or distributed (DHT) host resolution. – ARP proxyi ...
... at redundant links that are automatically discarded by receiving ports. Redundant links represent a low percentage of total network links. • Reduction of ARP path broadcast to hosts requires (as other proposals), an ARP Proxy function or centralized or distributed (DHT) host resolution. – ARP proxyi ...
United States Department of the Army Cisco Past Performance
... Course Objectives Upon completion of this course, you should be able to: ...
... Course Objectives Upon completion of this course, you should be able to: ...
LAN to WAN Management guide
... If a path or device fails, the redundant path or device can take over the tasks of the failed path or device ...
... If a path or device fails, the redundant path or device can take over the tasks of the failed path or device ...
Multicast unicast: one sender, one receiver broadcast: one sender
... problems with this approach 1. not scalable — different multicast trees for different groups require much memory in routers 2. many routers need to know group membership 3. trees are not optimal when new nodes join group ...
... problems with this approach 1. not scalable — different multicast trees for different groups require much memory in routers 2. many routers need to know group membership 3. trees are not optimal when new nodes join group ...
Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is an older network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. Spanning tree also allows a network design to include spare (redundant) links to provide automatic backup paths if an active link fails, without the danger of bridge loops, or the need for manual enabling/disabling of these backup links.Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was originally standardized as IEEE 802.1D, in 802.1d-1998, but much of the functionality (spanning tree, rapid spanning tree, multiple spanning tree) previously specified in 802.1D, 801.1s, 802.1w has been incorporated into IEEE 802.1Q-2014 which includes shortest path bridging, the IEEE sanctioned replacement for these spanning tree functions.As the name suggests, it creates a spanning tree within a network of connected layer-2 bridges (typically Ethernet switches), and disables those links that are not part of the spanning tree, leaving a single active path between any two network nodes. STP is based on an algorithm that was invented by Radia Perlman while she was working for Digital Equipment Corporation.