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The expected length of a shortest path
The expected length of a shortest path

... Kulkarni’s key idea is to treat the graph of nodes as a communication network where the time taken for a message to travel from one node to another is the arc length between the two nodes. The process starts when the source node receives the message and ends when the sink node receives the message. ...
FRF.6 - Broadband Forum
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... perform CNM activities using any of the widely available SNMP-based network management systems. The Frame Relay Forum and the Internet Engineering Task Force have jointly developed a standard SNMP Management Information Base (MIB) for Frame Relay CNM, RFC 1604, “Definitions of Managed Objects for Fr ...
A deterministic worst-case message complexity optimal solution for
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... identifiers are assumed to be immutable (for example, we may use the IP addresses of the nodes). We are using a standard synchronous message-passing model: time proceeds in synchronous rounds, and all messages generated in round i are delivered at the end of round i. In order to deliver a message, a ...
Consider the queuing delay in a router buffer (preceding an
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... generates a N bit unit of data every k time units, where k is small and fixed). Also, when such an application starts, it will stay on for relatively long period of time. Answer the following questions, briefly justifying your answer: 1) Would a packet-switched network or a circuit-switched network ...
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Three Challenges in Reliable Data Transport over
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DVTEL Latitude 6 Introduction to Networking
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Lecture 7 - cda college

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To Proposed a Novel Technique to Remove Effective Collision by

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ORALS--finals--oct31/Nov3--2007

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Unsynchronized Networks - Institute of Computer Engineering
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... Basic Operation • CSMA/CD (Carrier-Sense Multiple-Access / Collision Detection) –  All end stations are connected to a physical bus (no bridges). –  In case multiple end stations start to transmit at about the same point in time – the signals collide on the wire. –  End points realize this collisio ...
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... 3.5 In Idle ARQ method, if any of the ACK frames (acknowledgements) or NAK frames (negative acknowledgements) is lost in the media due to noise or any other reason, transmission comes to a hold where transmitter and receiver both are waiting for each others’ transmissions. What are the methods used ...
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CAN bus

A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts.Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. The 1988 BMW 8 Series was the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system.Bosch published several versions of the CAN specification and the latest is CAN 2.0 published in 1991. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.In 1993 the International Organization for Standardization released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).CAN in Automation (CiA) also published CAN standards; CAN Specification 2.0 part A and part B, but their status is now obsolete (superseded by ISO 11898-1).Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012 Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices.CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
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