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Chapter 2, Quantum aspects of light and matter
Chapter 2, Quantum aspects of light and matter

A v
A v

Lecture slides with notes
Lecture slides with notes

Opportunities for Expository or Explanatory writing
Opportunities for Expository or Explanatory writing

... 1. What is the difference between average speed and average velocity? 2. When are average speed and average velocity the same number? 3. Draw a speed versus time graph that represents a person driving to a store at a constant speed, turning around, and driving home at the same constant speed. 4. For ...
Is Matter Made of Light? - Superluminal quantum models of the
Is Matter Made of Light? - Superluminal quantum models of the

Lecture 3 - TAMU Chemistry
Lecture 3 - TAMU Chemistry

Practical Exercises in Physical Chemistry
Practical Exercises in Physical Chemistry

... the corresponding, marked bottles. Clean up the working place at the end. a) Measure the extinction of the aqueous solution of Mn(III) tris-oxalate thermally equilibrated at 18 0C at 365 nm, 405 nm, 436 nm, 492 nm, 546 nm, 578 nm and 623 nm after 60 s of the solution preparation. b) Select the emiss ...
Band Theories
Band Theories

1 Snell`s Law, Dispersion, and the Prism
1 Snell`s Law, Dispersion, and the Prism

... of all wavelengths. The light is incident on a block of glass of thickness 20 km and whose refractive index as shown above. (a) What is the physical length of the pulse [m] when the light enters the glass? (b) What is the time required for red light and for blue light to traverse the glass? (c) What ...
Powerpoint
Powerpoint

... is always perpendicular to an equipotential surface. is always tangent to an equipotential surface. always bisects an equipotential surface. makes an angle to an equipotential surface that depends on the amount of charge. ...
phys1444-lec5
phys1444-lec5

Chemical Energy
Chemical Energy

... flow of charged particles, such as electrons or protons. ...
On the Modeling of the Production and Drift of Carriers in
On the Modeling of the Production and Drift of Carriers in

C. Madigan, M.H. Lu, and J.C. Sturm, "Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by substrate modification," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, pp. 1650-1652 (2000).
C. Madigan, M.H. Lu, and J.C. Sturm, "Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by substrate modification," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, pp. 1650-1652 (2000).

... normal emission compared to trial 2, but larger large-angle emission. The improvement in total emitted light, however, was limited by the relatively small size of the lens we fabricated. The above experiments can at best hope to capture light waveguided in the substrate, but not the 43% 关calculated ...
Energy Transformations
Energy Transformations

The Formation of Solvated Electrons in the Photochemistry of the
The Formation of Solvated Electrons in the Photochemistry of the

Chemistry – Higher level Marking Scheme
Chemistry – Higher level Marking Scheme

... mass spec: charged particle / ionisation [can be got from (c)] (3) moving in a magnetic field = acceleration … magnetic field [from (c)] (3) experiences a force / is deflected in a circular path according to their mass/charge ratio (3) Note: some or all three points can be got from a diagram provide ...


... and carries the Electromagnetic Field. No other particle has the photon characteristic that in the vacuum it travels at light speed. Other particles that have been presumed to travel at light speed, such as gluons have never been detected, and their speeds have never been measured. To say that Gravi ...
C1 and C2 are threshold Cerenkov counters filled with CO 2 , for
C1 and C2 are threshold Cerenkov counters filled with CO 2 , for

Science 8Optics and Vision
Science 8Optics and Vision

... according to the law and the angle of incidence equalled the angle of reflection. The crinkled foil did not seem to follow this, but rather the light scattered a little more. This is called diffuse reflection. This scattering of light allows you to see images on a page because when light hits white ...
Adobe Acrobat Format ()
Adobe Acrobat Format ()

1 - AzMİU
1 - AzMİU

... 3. Specify the expression for amplitud value of acceleration at harmonious oscillation of a body (  -is a cyclic frequency, A-is a amplitud of oscillation). A)  2 A B) A C) A 2 D)  2 A 2 E)  3 A 4. Under what conditions is there a resonance (  0 - is the natural frequency,  - is the frequenc ...
2.3 Atomic and Molecular Collisions
2.3 Atomic and Molecular Collisions

... molecules. There the electrons and nuclei rarely move independently, but often in strong correlation with each other. The related many-body quantum physics challenges our understanding of matter. Collisions of atoms and molecules with charged or energetic particles intercept the internal quantum mot ...
Refraction of light
Refraction of light

... vious fact. Light is refracted when it leaves water, giving rise to the illusion that objects in water appear to be both distorted and closer than they really are. As early as the first century (A.D.), the ancient Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy attempted to mathematically explain the amount ...
Comparison higher order modified effective-range theory for elastic scattering angular differential cross-sections e-Ar
Comparison higher order modified effective-range theory for elastic scattering angular differential cross-sections e-Ar

< 1 ... 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ... 208 >

Photoelectric effect

The photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them. Electrons emitted in this manner can be called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is commonly studied in electronic physics, as well as in fields of chemistry, such as quantum chemistry or electrochemistry.According to classical electromagnetic theory, this effect can be attributed to the transfer of energy from the light to an electron in the metal. From this perspective, an alteration in either the amplitude or wavelength of light would induce changes in the rate of emission of electrons from the metal. Furthermore, according to this theory, a sufficiently dim light would be expected to show a lag time between the initial shining of its light and the subsequent emission of an electron. However, the experimental results did not correlate with either of the two predictions made by this theory.Instead, as it turns out, electrons are only dislodged by the photoelectric effect if light reaches or exceeds a threshold frequency, below which no electrons can be emitted from the metal regardless of the amplitude and temporal length of exposure of light. To make sense of the fact that light can eject electrons even if its intensity is low, Albert Einstein proposed that a beam of light is not a wave propagating through space, but rather a collection of discrete wave packets (photons), each with energy hf. This shed light on Max Planck's previous discovery of the Planck relation (E = hf) linking energy (E) and frequency (f) as arising from quantization of energy. The factor h is known as the Planck constant.In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905 Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. In 1914, Robert Millikan's experiment confirmed Einstein's law on photoelectric effect. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"", and Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923 for ""his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"".The photoelectric effect requires photons with energies from a few electronvolts to over 1 MeV in elements with a high atomic number. Study of the photoelectric effect led to important steps in understanding the quantum nature of light and electrons and influenced the formation of the concept of wave–particle duality. Other phenomena where light affects the movement of electric charges include the photoconductive effect (also known as photoconductivity or photoresistivity), the photovoltaic effect, and the photoelectrochemical effect.
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