Enzymes Problem Set 1 A) What concentration of the substrate
... DHA kinase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using ATP as a co-substrate. The enzyme assay relies on a coupled reaction in which the reaction product, DHAP, is subsequently converted into glycerol 3phosphate by the presence of the enzyme glycerol ...
... DHA kinase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using ATP as a co-substrate. The enzyme assay relies on a coupled reaction in which the reaction product, DHAP, is subsequently converted into glycerol 3phosphate by the presence of the enzyme glycerol ...
The rotary mechanism of the ATP synthase Archives - iGRAD
... Like many transporters, the F0F1 ATP synthase (or F-type ATPase) has been a fascinating subject for the study of a complex membrane-associated process. The ATP synthase is a critically important activity that carries out synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi driven by a proton motive force, DlH+, or sodi ...
... Like many transporters, the F0F1 ATP synthase (or F-type ATPase) has been a fascinating subject for the study of a complex membrane-associated process. The ATP synthase is a critically important activity that carries out synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi driven by a proton motive force, DlH+, or sodi ...
Interaction of small* molecules with membranes.
... ¾ Presence of weakly acidic contaminants (e.g. fatty acids) which act as proton carriers at physiological pH; But: does not account for all anomalous H+ flux ¾ In real systems - protein pumps; But: incorporation of such proteins on vesicles only weakly changes the proton permeability ...
... ¾ Presence of weakly acidic contaminants (e.g. fatty acids) which act as proton carriers at physiological pH; But: does not account for all anomalous H+ flux ¾ In real systems - protein pumps; But: incorporation of such proteins on vesicles only weakly changes the proton permeability ...
What is Respiration? - Deans Community High School
... taken in by the woodlouse is measured. As the organism uses up oxygen inside the tube, the volume of gas decreases. The coloured water moves down the tube to fill the space of the oxygen that has been used up by the woodlouse. The distance that the coloured water moves is used to calculate the rate ...
... taken in by the woodlouse is measured. As the organism uses up oxygen inside the tube, the volume of gas decreases. The coloured water moves down the tube to fill the space of the oxygen that has been used up by the woodlouse. The distance that the coloured water moves is used to calculate the rate ...
ch03awcr
... • Energy stored in ionic gradients is used indirectly to drive transport of other solutes • Always involves cotransport – transport of more than one substance at a time • Two substances transported in same direction (Na+, glucose) ...
... • Energy stored in ionic gradients is used indirectly to drive transport of other solutes • Always involves cotransport – transport of more than one substance at a time • Two substances transported in same direction (Na+, glucose) ...
Defining the impact on yeast ATP synthase of two pathogenic
... decrease in the content of complex IV was observed also in the mutant atp6-L252P whereas the abundance of this complex was almost normal in the atp6-S250P mutant, as revealed by BN-PAGE analysis of mitochondrial protein digitonin-extracts (Fig. 2A). 3.2.2. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. We ...
... decrease in the content of complex IV was observed also in the mutant atp6-L252P whereas the abundance of this complex was almost normal in the atp6-S250P mutant, as revealed by BN-PAGE analysis of mitochondrial protein digitonin-extracts (Fig. 2A). 3.2.2. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. We ...
2014
... During prolonged fasting, fatty acids in the liver are converted to _____A__________ which is/are transported to the _______B__________ to be used as fuel. A=ketone bodies, or Acetone or Acetoacetate or b-hydroxybutyrate. no credit for acetoacetylCoA since this molecule is not directly transported. ...
... During prolonged fasting, fatty acids in the liver are converted to _____A__________ which is/are transported to the _______B__________ to be used as fuel. A=ketone bodies, or Acetone or Acetoacetate or b-hydroxybutyrate. no credit for acetoacetylCoA since this molecule is not directly transported. ...
Nitrogen Anabolism
... •Later, principally used to make fertilizer, allowing more efficient food production. •Nearly 80% of the nitrogen found in human tissues originated from the Haber-Bosch process. Fritz Haber article ...
... •Later, principally used to make fertilizer, allowing more efficient food production. •Nearly 80% of the nitrogen found in human tissues originated from the Haber-Bosch process. Fritz Haber article ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration
... – Series of reactions in a repeating cycle, takes place in matrix of mitochondria – Does need oxygen (aerobic) – Starts with acetyl CoA – Each “turn” of the Krebs cycle produces • 1 molecule ATP • 2 molecules of CO2 • 8 (4 pairs) of hydrogen atoms (most of energy from glucose carried here) – Hydroge ...
... – Series of reactions in a repeating cycle, takes place in matrix of mitochondria – Does need oxygen (aerobic) – Starts with acetyl CoA – Each “turn” of the Krebs cycle produces • 1 molecule ATP • 2 molecules of CO2 • 8 (4 pairs) of hydrogen atoms (most of energy from glucose carried here) – Hydroge ...
Document
... and ultimately delivers them to oxygen. In this oxidation-reduction process, much FADH 2 on the inner membranes of of the chemical energy stored within the hydrogen atoms does not dissipate to the mitochondria. Cytochromes kinetic energy, rather, it becomes conserved in forming ATP. transfer electro ...
... and ultimately delivers them to oxygen. In this oxidation-reduction process, much FADH 2 on the inner membranes of of the chemical energy stored within the hydrogen atoms does not dissipate to the mitochondria. Cytochromes kinetic energy, rather, it becomes conserved in forming ATP. transfer electro ...
... Choice A: The energy released by degradative pathways is directly captured on which types of compounds? Briefly explain how the energy on these compounds is converted to a hydrogen ion (proton) gradient across a membrane during electron transport. Choice B: Briefly explain how the hydrogen ion gradi ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
Homework # 8 Energetics, Electron Transport
... Ques. 43. Discuss the 3 metabolic conditions that would lead to the conversion of the glucose-6-phosphate crossroads compound into ultimately 3 different products. ...
... Ques. 43. Discuss the 3 metabolic conditions that would lead to the conversion of the glucose-6-phosphate crossroads compound into ultimately 3 different products. ...
video slide - Course
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
HONORS BIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2016
... a) Explain the role of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain. What are they carrying? From where to where? b) Explain the role of hydrogen ions (H+) in the electron transport chain. c) Explain the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain. 42. Identify the ATP yield for each step ...
... a) Explain the role of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain. What are they carrying? From where to where? b) Explain the role of hydrogen ions (H+) in the electron transport chain. c) Explain the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain. 42. Identify the ATP yield for each step ...
Fatty acid breakdown
... molecule • Malonyl-CoA (that we will talk about in more detail next week in lipid biosynthesis) inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I ...
... molecule • Malonyl-CoA (that we will talk about in more detail next week in lipid biosynthesis) inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I ...
Mitochondria - Physical Mathematics
... Stage 1: High-energy electrons (derived from the oxidation of food molecules, from pigments excited by sunlight, or from other sources described later) are transferred along a series of electron-transport protein complexes that form an electron-transport chain embedded in a membrane. Each electron t ...
... Stage 1: High-energy electrons (derived from the oxidation of food molecules, from pigments excited by sunlight, or from other sources described later) are transferred along a series of electron-transport protein complexes that form an electron-transport chain embedded in a membrane. Each electron t ...
Electrochemistry Oxidation – Reduction and Oxidation Numbers
... Electrochemistry Oxidation – Reduction and Oxidation Numbers Many important chemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons. e.g. ...
... Electrochemistry Oxidation – Reduction and Oxidation Numbers Many important chemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons. e.g. ...
Topology of membrane protein
... Many strands that together can form a barrel Length: 8-12 amino acids to span the bilayer ...
... Many strands that together can form a barrel Length: 8-12 amino acids to span the bilayer ...
Chemistry SOL Review
... Quantum-Mechanical Model • Electron energy levels are wave functions. • Electrons are found in orbitals, regions of space where an electron is most likely to be found. • You can’t know both where the electron is and where it is going at the same time. • Electrons buzz around the nucleus like gnats b ...
... Quantum-Mechanical Model • Electron energy levels are wave functions. • Electrons are found in orbitals, regions of space where an electron is most likely to be found. • You can’t know both where the electron is and where it is going at the same time. • Electrons buzz around the nucleus like gnats b ...
fatty acid oxid final
... • Major pathway for catabolism of FA • Consists of four reactions: shortening of FA by 2 carbons Oxidation: produces FADH2 Hydration: produces NADH ...
... • Major pathway for catabolism of FA • Consists of four reactions: shortening of FA by 2 carbons Oxidation: produces FADH2 Hydration: produces NADH ...
Question 2: Multiple-Choice Standard: Chemistry of Life
... Standard: Chemistry of Life - B 1.2 Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin? A. a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring B. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule C. a set of three fatty acids attached to ...
... Standard: Chemistry of Life - B 1.2 Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin? A. a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring B. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule C. a set of three fatty acids attached to ...
Atomic Electron Configurations and Chapter 8 Chemical Periodicity
... Diagonal Diagram: a guide used to determine the relative energies of subshells in multi-electron atoms ...
... Diagonal Diagram: a guide used to determine the relative energies of subshells in multi-electron atoms ...
Active Transport Lab
... the consequences for amino acid transport. Similarly, you can alter the cellular (inside) or extracellular (outside of cells) levels of amino acids and investigate the effect on how cells use ATP. Because the amino acid transport channel is paired to the ATP-driven sodium/potassium pump, you will ho ...
... the consequences for amino acid transport. Similarly, you can alter the cellular (inside) or extracellular (outside of cells) levels of amino acids and investigate the effect on how cells use ATP. Because the amino acid transport channel is paired to the ATP-driven sodium/potassium pump, you will ho ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.