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Electron transport chain
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
Vitamins and Minerals
... are broken down to glycerol and fatty acids, the glycerol is converted to glucose or oxidized for energy, and the fatty acids are oxidized or converted to ketones when carbohydrates are depleted. After deamination, the carbon skeletons of protein are broken down to pyruvate or acetyl CoA to produce ...
... are broken down to glycerol and fatty acids, the glycerol is converted to glucose or oxidized for energy, and the fatty acids are oxidized or converted to ketones when carbohydrates are depleted. After deamination, the carbon skeletons of protein are broken down to pyruvate or acetyl CoA to produce ...
Biochemistry - DENTISTRY 2012
... Named beta oxidation because the oxidation occurs at beta-carbon (carbon number 3 ) . ...
... Named beta oxidation because the oxidation occurs at beta-carbon (carbon number 3 ) . ...
PAGES 1-41 INCL. 1. Overview (a) discovery of enzymes (b
... - specificity relates to binding of substrate to enzyme - group specific enzymes can use a variety of substrates, each containing a certain functional group which is modified - absolute specificity utilize only one substrate (or specific pair) in one reaction 2.(a) What is a catalyst? - any molecule ...
... - specificity relates to binding of substrate to enzyme - group specific enzymes can use a variety of substrates, each containing a certain functional group which is modified - absolute specificity utilize only one substrate (or specific pair) in one reaction 2.(a) What is a catalyst? - any molecule ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... Chylomicrons bind to membrane bound lipoprotein lipases located on adipose and muscle tissues where the triacylglycerols are once again hydrolyzed into fatty acids. The fatty acids are transported into the adipose or muscle cells where they are once again resynthesized into triacylglycerols and stor ...
... Chylomicrons bind to membrane bound lipoprotein lipases located on adipose and muscle tissues where the triacylglycerols are once again hydrolyzed into fatty acids. The fatty acids are transported into the adipose or muscle cells where they are once again resynthesized into triacylglycerols and stor ...
Final Review Study Guide BIOCHEMISTRY Chapter 3 Water and the
... hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon skeleton. -most animal fats, stays solid at room temperature. Unsaturated- has one or more double bonds, formed by removal of hydrogen atom from carbon skeleton, a kink forms where there is double bond between carbon atoms. ...
... hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon skeleton. -most animal fats, stays solid at room temperature. Unsaturated- has one or more double bonds, formed by removal of hydrogen atom from carbon skeleton, a kink forms where there is double bond between carbon atoms. ...
Document
... Ans: The free-energy changes of the individual steps in a pathway are summed to determine the overall free-energy change. Thus, a step that might not normally occur can be driven if it is coupled to a thermodynamically stable reaction. Section: 15.1 25. If many compounds are common to both anabolic ...
... Ans: The free-energy changes of the individual steps in a pathway are summed to determine the overall free-energy change. Thus, a step that might not normally occur can be driven if it is coupled to a thermodynamically stable reaction. Section: 15.1 25. If many compounds are common to both anabolic ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 1 2 3 4
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
... molecules to two molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3). Pyruvic acid is more oxidized than glucose The energy released from the oxidation is used to create 2 molecules of ATP from 2 ADP and 2 Pi This is an anaerobic process. Under anaerobic conditions the pyruvic acid can be fermented to lactic acid or ...
Chapter 6
... A. In what way is the use of alcoholic fermentation by these industries similar? B. In what way does their use of alcoholic fermentation differ? In cellular respiration, the steps following glycol sis depend on whether oxygen is ...
... A. In what way is the use of alcoholic fermentation by these industries similar? B. In what way does their use of alcoholic fermentation differ? In cellular respiration, the steps following glycol sis depend on whether oxygen is ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... h of an MI, peaks at 24 h, and returns to baseline by 48–72 h. Today, in most clinical laboratories CK has been supplemented by troponin . Troponin is a complex of three proteins involved in muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle but not in smooth muscle. Immunological measurement of pla ...
... h of an MI, peaks at 24 h, and returns to baseline by 48–72 h. Today, in most clinical laboratories CK has been supplemented by troponin . Troponin is a complex of three proteins involved in muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle but not in smooth muscle. Immunological measurement of pla ...
Ch 11
... Oxidize inorganic nitrogen to obtain energy Nitrogen such as ammonia and nitrite Important in the breakdown of ammonia containing waste ...
... Oxidize inorganic nitrogen to obtain energy Nitrogen such as ammonia and nitrite Important in the breakdown of ammonia containing waste ...
Chemistry - cloudfront.net
... Polar covalent bonds form when electrons are shared unequally. Atoms in this kind of bond have electronegativities that are different and an unequal distribution of the electrons results. The electrons forming the bond are closer to the atom with the greater electronegativity and produce a negative ...
... Polar covalent bonds form when electrons are shared unequally. Atoms in this kind of bond have electronegativities that are different and an unequal distribution of the electrons results. The electrons forming the bond are closer to the atom with the greater electronegativity and produce a negative ...
Selected Solutions to End of Chapter 13 Problems
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
Sport`s Nutrition Slides
... a. ATP – Creatine Phosphate -the pathway you use in the first ten seconds of exercise. It is the primary pathway used in short-duration maximal efforts, such as power lifting, kicking a soccer ball, or throwing a shotput. This system uses the very small amount of ATP stored in the body and does not ...
... a. ATP – Creatine Phosphate -the pathway you use in the first ten seconds of exercise. It is the primary pathway used in short-duration maximal efforts, such as power lifting, kicking a soccer ball, or throwing a shotput. This system uses the very small amount of ATP stored in the body and does not ...
- Angelo State University
... The Catabolism of Food • Stage III: This is referred to as the common catabolic pathway because the reactions are the same regardless of the type of food being degraded. – citric acid cycle – electron transport – oxidative phosphorylation • Energy released in Stage III appears in the form of energy- ...
... The Catabolism of Food • Stage III: This is referred to as the common catabolic pathway because the reactions are the same regardless of the type of food being degraded. – citric acid cycle – electron transport – oxidative phosphorylation • Energy released in Stage III appears in the form of energy- ...
Ch13.doc
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
Name
... KEY CONCEPT Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen. When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermenta ...
... KEY CONCEPT Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen. When oxygen is not available in cells, fermentation takes place instead. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermenta ...
POWERPOINT JEOPARDY
... hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom in water. Oxygen has many more protons (8+) than hydrogen (1+). This causes the electrons (-) to be pulled away from hydrogen (opposites attract), creating a positive side where the hydrogen atoms are. The other side is more negative, having more electrons. ...
... hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom in water. Oxygen has many more protons (8+) than hydrogen (1+). This causes the electrons (-) to be pulled away from hydrogen (opposites attract), creating a positive side where the hydrogen atoms are. The other side is more negative, having more electrons. ...
The Role of Mitochondria in Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases
... membranes. The more porous outer membrane contains porin and allows molecules up to approximately 10 kDa to freely diffuse across the membrane. The inner, more tightly constructed (less permeable) membrane contains cardiolipin, a phospholipid which has both a higher affinity for inner membrane prote ...
... membranes. The more porous outer membrane contains porin and allows molecules up to approximately 10 kDa to freely diffuse across the membrane. The inner, more tightly constructed (less permeable) membrane contains cardiolipin, a phospholipid which has both a higher affinity for inner membrane prote ...
free energy - Thunderbird High School
... ones • The synthesis of protein from amino acids is an example of anabolism • Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources In your own words describe the difference between catabolic pathways and anabolic pathways. ...
... ones • The synthesis of protein from amino acids is an example of anabolism • Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources In your own words describe the difference between catabolic pathways and anabolic pathways. ...
L12_FAS
... reduction/dehydration/reduction steps, moving the fatty acid to the right site and finally releasing it as FA-CoA ...
... reduction/dehydration/reduction steps, moving the fatty acid to the right site and finally releasing it as FA-CoA ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.