Formation and breakdown of ABA
... Fig. 1. Overall scheme for (1)-abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism in a representative higher plant cell. The first biosynthetic steps from zeaxanthin to violaxanthin leading to epoxycarotenoid cleavage take place in the plastid. The cleavage product, xanthoxin, leaves the plastid (by an unknown mechanis ...
... Fig. 1. Overall scheme for (1)-abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism in a representative higher plant cell. The first biosynthetic steps from zeaxanthin to violaxanthin leading to epoxycarotenoid cleavage take place in the plastid. The cleavage product, xanthoxin, leaves the plastid (by an unknown mechanis ...
Effects of Xylitol on S. mutans
... the low-pH bacteria producing acidic end-products and thus beneficial for the patients ...
... the low-pH bacteria producing acidic end-products and thus beneficial for the patients ...
Propionic Acid Degradation by Syntrophic Bacteria During
... difficult, the knowledge about syntrophic organisms capable of anaerobic oxidation of propionic acid is restricted. Research allowing better understanding of their behavior and crucial parameters supporting their growth should give a possibility preventing a failure of methanogenesis or drawing a ”hea ...
... difficult, the knowledge about syntrophic organisms capable of anaerobic oxidation of propionic acid is restricted. Research allowing better understanding of their behavior and crucial parameters supporting their growth should give a possibility preventing a failure of methanogenesis or drawing a ”hea ...
Folate Metabolism and MTHFR
... Source: Herb, Nutrient and Drug Interactions by Stargrove et al and Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism by Groff and Gropper ...
... Source: Herb, Nutrient and Drug Interactions by Stargrove et al and Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism by Groff and Gropper ...
The activity and kinetic properties of cellulases in substrates
... by natrium at the determined concentrations. The effect of Na+ on cellulase was weak. The activity of cellulase were reduced only to 2% when the concentration of Na+ was varied from 1 mmol/L to 1 mol/L. Cobalt ions had significant positive effects on the CMCase for the purified cellulase (cellulaseⅡ ...
... by natrium at the determined concentrations. The effect of Na+ on cellulase was weak. The activity of cellulase were reduced only to 2% when the concentration of Na+ was varied from 1 mmol/L to 1 mol/L. Cobalt ions had significant positive effects on the CMCase for the purified cellulase (cellulaseⅡ ...
Fasting induces ketoacidosis and hypothermia in PDHK2/PDHK4
... and fasted state [1]. In the well-fed state, the PDH complex is highly active, promoting glucose oxidation by generating acetylCoA, which can be oxidized by the citric acid cycle or used for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. In the fasted state, the PDH complex is inactivated by phosphorylation ...
... and fasted state [1]. In the well-fed state, the PDH complex is highly active, promoting glucose oxidation by generating acetylCoA, which can be oxidized by the citric acid cycle or used for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. In the fasted state, the PDH complex is inactivated by phosphorylation ...
Characterization of the regulatory function of the 46
... reduces ferredoxin, which then can donate electrons to ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase. This enzyme then reduces the thioredoxins, which reduce and thereby activate or inactivate their target metabolic enzymes. With the elucidation of the 3-dimensional structures of ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase ...
... reduces ferredoxin, which then can donate electrons to ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase. This enzyme then reduces the thioredoxins, which reduce and thereby activate or inactivate their target metabolic enzymes. With the elucidation of the 3-dimensional structures of ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase ...
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
... effects of a compound in green tea extract known as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on growth of T. brucei, and on TbACC activity and phosphorylation. EGCG is a known inducer of AMPK, which phosphorylates ACC in other organisms. In the fourth chapter, I demonstrated that TbACC in PF is also regulat ...
... effects of a compound in green tea extract known as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on growth of T. brucei, and on TbACC activity and phosphorylation. EGCG is a known inducer of AMPK, which phosphorylates ACC in other organisms. In the fourth chapter, I demonstrated that TbACC in PF is also regulat ...
Metabolism of bile acids
... size causing vitamin deficiencies, lipid malabsorption and liver failure [7–9]. The acidic pathway starts with the hydroxylation of the cholesterol side-chain by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27). The CYP27 product, 5-cholesten-3β-27-diol, is not a substrate for CYP7A1, but is hydroxylated at the C7 pos ...
... size causing vitamin deficiencies, lipid malabsorption and liver failure [7–9]. The acidic pathway starts with the hydroxylation of the cholesterol side-chain by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27). The CYP27 product, 5-cholesten-3β-27-diol, is not a substrate for CYP7A1, but is hydroxylated at the C7 pos ...
Enzymes in Milk: Their Function in the Mammary Gland, in Milk, and
... fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids by the lactating mammary gland (7,32,33). LPL has a central role in providing the lipid constituents of milk. In the mammary gland, LPL is located both in the endothelium (its site of activity) and in the alveolar cells, the site of its synthesis. The extr ...
... fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids by the lactating mammary gland (7,32,33). LPL has a central role in providing the lipid constituents of milk. In the mammary gland, LPL is located both in the endothelium (its site of activity) and in the alveolar cells, the site of its synthesis. The extr ...
Unique amino acid signatures that are evolutionarily conserved
... heads and tails of type II keratins. For further analysis, keratins were divided into subgroups to reflect their tissue-specific expression. To that end, K1, K2, K5, K9, K10 and K14 were analyzed as prototype epidermal keratins, whereas K7, K8, K18, K19, K20 and K31, K35, K81, K85, K86 represented t ...
... heads and tails of type II keratins. For further analysis, keratins were divided into subgroups to reflect their tissue-specific expression. To that end, K1, K2, K5, K9, K10 and K14 were analyzed as prototype epidermal keratins, whereas K7, K8, K18, K19, K20 and K31, K35, K81, K85, K86 represented t ...
Fatty Acids :biosynthesis
... Utilization • In peripheral tissues, the ketone body acetoacetate is activated, and converted back to acetyl CoA. • 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are favored over glucose by the renal cortex and cardiac muscle. ...
... Utilization • In peripheral tissues, the ketone body acetoacetate is activated, and converted back to acetyl CoA. • 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are favored over glucose by the renal cortex and cardiac muscle. ...
IMPLICATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN GLUCOSE-INDUCED INSULIN SECRETION IN THE PANCREATIC -CELL
... Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the result of either the failure of insulin production, or a combined defect in insulin production and action. This leads to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Concurrent with the spread of the western lifestyle, which ...
... Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the result of either the failure of insulin production, or a combined defect in insulin production and action. This leads to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Concurrent with the spread of the western lifestyle, which ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Functional Expression and Stabilization of Horseradish Peroxidase by Directed Evolution in
... HRP has long been utilized in life sciences as a reporter for a variety of diagnostic assays, in histochemical staining, and in biosensors (Veitch and Smith, 2000). HRP has been considered for applications in chemical synthesis, where it catalyzes a number of potentially interesting oxidative reacti ...
... HRP has long been utilized in life sciences as a reporter for a variety of diagnostic assays, in histochemical staining, and in biosensors (Veitch and Smith, 2000). HRP has been considered for applications in chemical synthesis, where it catalyzes a number of potentially interesting oxidative reacti ...
The Role of Epidermal Lipids in Cutaneous Permeability Barrier
... The free fatty acids that are formed by phospholipid breakdown contribute to the acidification of the stratum corneum (38, 39). The pH of the outer stratum corneum and skin surface in humans and animals ranges from 5-5.5 (40). This acidic environment is very important as it regulates the activity of ...
... The free fatty acids that are formed by phospholipid breakdown contribute to the acidification of the stratum corneum (38, 39). The pH of the outer stratum corneum and skin surface in humans and animals ranges from 5-5.5 (40). This acidic environment is very important as it regulates the activity of ...
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed
... produced by microbial bioconversion of substrates structurally related to vanillin5 as well as from glucose6. Previous studies have shown the conversion of a variety of compounds into vanillin glucoside after administration to V. planifolia pods. These studies suggest that vanillin glucoside is deri ...
... produced by microbial bioconversion of substrates structurally related to vanillin5 as well as from glucose6. Previous studies have shown the conversion of a variety of compounds into vanillin glucoside after administration to V. planifolia pods. These studies suggest that vanillin glucoside is deri ...
Metabolic significance of inorganic triphosphate, thiamine
... We first studied the tripolyphosphatase activity in mammals and in bacteria and we showed that it is widely distributed in all organisms. We attempted to identify the enzymes responsible for this activity. We showed that the E. coli CYTH enzyme, ygiF, although highly specific for PPPi plays only a m ...
... We first studied the tripolyphosphatase activity in mammals and in bacteria and we showed that it is widely distributed in all organisms. We attempted to identify the enzymes responsible for this activity. We showed that the E. coli CYTH enzyme, ygiF, although highly specific for PPPi plays only a m ...
Phospholipids of some marine microalgae: Identification, antivirus
... Total Phosphorus content of marine algal phospholipids fraction was presented in Table (1). The results showed that the maximum content was observed in D. fasciola (0.86 %) followed by T.. atomaria (0.71%) and G. cylindriea (0.61%). The minimum phosphorus content was observed in U. fasciata (0.11%) ...
... Total Phosphorus content of marine algal phospholipids fraction was presented in Table (1). The results showed that the maximum content was observed in D. fasciola (0.86 %) followed by T.. atomaria (0.71%) and G. cylindriea (0.61%). The minimum phosphorus content was observed in U. fasciata (0.11%) ...
Essentials of PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
... develop in the cup if the volume is kept constant. If the experiment is repeated with a solution of such concentration that 1 gram molecule is dis~olved in 22.4 liters of water, the pressure will be 1 atmosphere. This pressure is called osmotic pressure and may be measured by determining the pressur ...
... develop in the cup if the volume is kept constant. If the experiment is repeated with a solution of such concentration that 1 gram molecule is dis~olved in 22.4 liters of water, the pressure will be 1 atmosphere. This pressure is called osmotic pressure and may be measured by determining the pressur ...
David Rittenberg - National Academy of Sciences
... presents almost insuperable difficulties. If substances such as natural fatty acids, amino acids, etc., are administered to an animal, we lose track of them the moment they enter the body, since they are mixed with the same substances already present. Furthermore, if a substance A is given to an ani ...
... presents almost insuperable difficulties. If substances such as natural fatty acids, amino acids, etc., are administered to an animal, we lose track of them the moment they enter the body, since they are mixed with the same substances already present. Furthermore, if a substance A is given to an ani ...
Terpene Biosynthesis
... Lys-267 also appears to be involved in catalysis, its role as a general acid/base being postulated in Scheme 3. Lys-267 facilitates hydride transfer from reduced coenzyme by polarizing the carbonyl group of HMG-CoA, and subsequently of bound mevaldate. In subsequent studies,17 site-directed mutagene ...
... Lys-267 also appears to be involved in catalysis, its role as a general acid/base being postulated in Scheme 3. Lys-267 facilitates hydride transfer from reduced coenzyme by polarizing the carbonyl group of HMG-CoA, and subsequently of bound mevaldate. In subsequent studies,17 site-directed mutagene ...
in vitro efficacy of omx capsules against helicobacter
... was filled with 100µl dissolved OMX capsule product from different broth. APT broth, APT broth with biotin, MRS broth, MRS broth with biotin and 3% lactic add used as a control. Plates were incubated at 35oC for 4 days under microaerophilic conditions. The size of inhibitory zone was measured with V ...
... was filled with 100µl dissolved OMX capsule product from different broth. APT broth, APT broth with biotin, MRS broth, MRS broth with biotin and 3% lactic add used as a control. Plates were incubated at 35oC for 4 days under microaerophilic conditions. The size of inhibitory zone was measured with V ...
The Mechanism of Enterohepatic Circulation in the Formation of
... body. Hence, approximately 95 % of the bile acids distributed to the duodenum are reabsorbed into venous blood within the ileum and colon, and subsequently, through mesenteric vein, they arrive at the portal vein, finally they approach the sinusoids of the liver. And hepatocytes reuptake the bile ac ...
... body. Hence, approximately 95 % of the bile acids distributed to the duodenum are reabsorbed into venous blood within the ileum and colon, and subsequently, through mesenteric vein, they arrive at the portal vein, finally they approach the sinusoids of the liver. And hepatocytes reuptake the bile ac ...
PAS kinase is required for normal cellular energy
... ecause of changes in diet and lifestyle, the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically worldwide. Type 2 diabetes arises when pancreatic -cells fail to secrete sufficient insulin to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance, a condition severely aggravated by obesity (1 ...
... ecause of changes in diet and lifestyle, the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically worldwide. Type 2 diabetes arises when pancreatic -cells fail to secrete sufficient insulin to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance, a condition severely aggravated by obesity (1 ...