liver bile salts - Stanford Medicine
... CYP7A1 - this enzyme marks the entry point into the classical pathway. ◦ Hydroxylates the 7α carbon of cholesterol ◦ Expressed only in the liver ◦ Can be regulated Negative feedback based on bile salt concentration ...
... CYP7A1 - this enzyme marks the entry point into the classical pathway. ◦ Hydroxylates the 7α carbon of cholesterol ◦ Expressed only in the liver ◦ Can be regulated Negative feedback based on bile salt concentration ...
Cellular Respiration Worksheet and Answers
... 13. Under which condition would you expect the mitochondrial proton gradient to be highest and therefore ATP synthesis to proceed? a. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP levels (high) b. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP ...
... 13. Under which condition would you expect the mitochondrial proton gradient to be highest and therefore ATP synthesis to proceed? a. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP levels (high) b. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP ...
Worksheet: Acid base problems - AP level
... Example #10: If 0.50 moles Ca(OH)2 is slurried in 0.50 L deionized water and treated with 0.50 moles of CO2 gas in a closed system, the liquid phase of this system will have a pH closest to what value? Solution: After the Ca(OH)2 and the CO2 react, we are left with some calcium carbonate, an insolub ...
... Example #10: If 0.50 moles Ca(OH)2 is slurried in 0.50 L deionized water and treated with 0.50 moles of CO2 gas in a closed system, the liquid phase of this system will have a pH closest to what value? Solution: After the Ca(OH)2 and the CO2 react, we are left with some calcium carbonate, an insolub ...
Aphelenchoides besseyi
... these metabolites from their hosts and the environment through the lipid binding proteins (LBPs) [4,5]. Nematodes have been found to produce a series of unusual proteins that exhibit high affinity binding to lipid, and these proteins can be divided into two different classes according to their molec ...
... these metabolites from their hosts and the environment through the lipid binding proteins (LBPs) [4,5]. Nematodes have been found to produce a series of unusual proteins that exhibit high affinity binding to lipid, and these proteins can be divided into two different classes according to their molec ...
Pathways of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Glycolysis • Is the
... interchangeably referred to as ATP because it is essentially converted to ATP very rapidly) ...
... interchangeably referred to as ATP because it is essentially converted to ATP very rapidly) ...
A Protein Factor in the Nutrition of Paramecium
... with Aerobacter aerogenes and incubated for 24 hr. before sterilization would support the growth of P . aurelia. A preliminary search was, therefore, made for various plant infusions which when inoculated with bacteria would yield the factor. The first significant advance was made when it was found ...
... with Aerobacter aerogenes and incubated for 24 hr. before sterilization would support the growth of P . aurelia. A preliminary search was, therefore, made for various plant infusions which when inoculated with bacteria would yield the factor. The first significant advance was made when it was found ...
Biochem09 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... 37. Which list of fatty acids shows them in order of decreasing melting points. A. a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbons, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate B. a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbons, linolenate, linoleate, oleate, stearate C. oleate, linoleate, linolenate, a saturated fatty ac ...
... 37. Which list of fatty acids shows them in order of decreasing melting points. A. a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbons, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate B. a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbons, linolenate, linoleate, oleate, stearate C. oleate, linoleate, linolenate, a saturated fatty ac ...
The Glucose/Fatty Acid Cycle 1963–2003
... the effect of fatty acids upon glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is biphasic. Initially fatty acids potentiate the effects of glucose. After some hours of prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations (somewhere between 12 and 24 h) this changes to an inhibition [10]. Since prolonged high ...
... the effect of fatty acids upon glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is biphasic. Initially fatty acids potentiate the effects of glucose. After some hours of prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations (somewhere between 12 and 24 h) this changes to an inhibition [10]. Since prolonged high ...
NEISSERIAE
... Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the gonococcus), causes gonorrhea. It is estimated that there are approximately 2,000,000 cases of gonorrhea per year in the U.S. Infection usually occurs following sexual contact, with the incubation period averaging 2-7 days. In Iraq thre was no recent prevalence data among ...
... Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the gonococcus), causes gonorrhea. It is estimated that there are approximately 2,000,000 cases of gonorrhea per year in the U.S. Infection usually occurs following sexual contact, with the incubation period averaging 2-7 days. In Iraq thre was no recent prevalence data among ...
Enhancing the Six Phase II Detoxification
... Poor acetylation histamine, serotonin, prolongs the life Salicylic acid, PABA, ...
... Poor acetylation histamine, serotonin, prolongs the life Salicylic acid, PABA, ...
Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors - Plant and Soil Sciences eLibrary
... vitro incorporationof [14C]malonyl-CoAinto VLCFA were examined in a microsomal fraction isolated from germinating pea seeds (54). The microsomal fraction isolated from untreated, germinating pea seeds catalyzed the synthesis of VLCFA (20:0, 22:0), but the microsomal fraction isolated from seeds pret ...
... vitro incorporationof [14C]malonyl-CoAinto VLCFA were examined in a microsomal fraction isolated from germinating pea seeds (54). The microsomal fraction isolated from untreated, germinating pea seeds catalyzed the synthesis of VLCFA (20:0, 22:0), but the microsomal fraction isolated from seeds pret ...
Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different
... and flavonoids which are components of Tagetes pigments, are the major bioactive constituents of including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, and fatty acids [23]. Of these, carotenoids interest [21]. Different tissues of these species have been used in folk medicine for various dis ...
... and flavonoids which are components of Tagetes pigments, are the major bioactive constituents of including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, and fatty acids [23]. Of these, carotenoids interest [21]. Different tissues of these species have been used in folk medicine for various dis ...
The Effect of Actidione and other Antifungal Agents on Nucleic Acid
... Eflect o j actiditme on nucleic acid and protein synthesis Preliminary investigations. The manometric techniques of Umbreit, Burris & Stauffer (1949) were used to study the effect of actidione on oxygen consumption and anaerobic production of carbon dioxide by Saccharornyces carlsbergensis in the pr ...
... Eflect o j actiditme on nucleic acid and protein synthesis Preliminary investigations. The manometric techniques of Umbreit, Burris & Stauffer (1949) were used to study the effect of actidione on oxygen consumption and anaerobic production of carbon dioxide by Saccharornyces carlsbergensis in the pr ...
4. KETONE BODY METABOLISM
... Heart muscle and the renal cortex use acetoacetate in preference to glucose in physiological conditions. ...
... Heart muscle and the renal cortex use acetoacetate in preference to glucose in physiological conditions. ...
Final a
... 2. (10pts) Diagram the Q cycle of photosynthesis, showing where and how many quinone/quinol molecules are used and where and how protons are taken up and given off. Make sure you account for the stoichiometry of the cycle and show where electrons wind up. Make sure to show where the lumen and stroma ...
... 2. (10pts) Diagram the Q cycle of photosynthesis, showing where and how many quinone/quinol molecules are used and where and how protons are taken up and given off. Make sure you account for the stoichiometry of the cycle and show where electrons wind up. Make sure to show where the lumen and stroma ...
TRANSLATION - Grade 12 Biology
... amino acids. The ribosome moves over one codon. The second a.acid moves to the P site, a tRNA brings the next a.acid to the A site and it is added to the chain. The first tRNA is released to be recycled for use with another amino acid. The process repeats with the polypeptide chain trailing in the c ...
... amino acids. The ribosome moves over one codon. The second a.acid moves to the P site, a tRNA brings the next a.acid to the A site and it is added to the chain. The first tRNA is released to be recycled for use with another amino acid. The process repeats with the polypeptide chain trailing in the c ...
answer key - chem.uwec.edu
... • Describe the primary purpose of the citric acid cycle. (Question 6) • Discuss the various roles played by the citric acid cycle in cellular metabolism (Question 6) • Describe the steps in the citric acid cycle. (Question 3) • Describe the structures of the intermediates in citric acid cycle. (Ques ...
... • Describe the primary purpose of the citric acid cycle. (Question 6) • Discuss the various roles played by the citric acid cycle in cellular metabolism (Question 6) • Describe the steps in the citric acid cycle. (Question 3) • Describe the structures of the intermediates in citric acid cycle. (Ques ...
Slide 1
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, – a single molecule of ____________ is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of _____________ are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of ____________, and ...
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, – a single molecule of ____________ is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of _____________ are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of ____________, and ...
doc BIOC 311 Final Study Guide
... 10. Overall reaction: Glucose + 4ADP + 2NAD+ → 2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O D. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and its regulation 1. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) is a potent activator of PFK, and is regulated by another mechanism. 2. This mechanism is a balance between fructose-6-phosphate's phos ...
... 10. Overall reaction: Glucose + 4ADP + 2NAD+ → 2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O D. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and its regulation 1. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) is a potent activator of PFK, and is regulated by another mechanism. 2. This mechanism is a balance between fructose-6-phosphate's phos ...
Book Problems Chapter 2
... The transporter must include a cytosolic nucleotide binding site that changes its conformation when its bound ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP. This conformational change must be communicated to the membrane-spanning portion of the protein, where the transported substrate binds. (b) Overexpression of an MDR ...
... The transporter must include a cytosolic nucleotide binding site that changes its conformation when its bound ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP. This conformational change must be communicated to the membrane-spanning portion of the protein, where the transported substrate binds. (b) Overexpression of an MDR ...
Citrate cycle - 3.LF UK 2015
... a) is formed from oxaloacetate and acetic acid b) is transported to the cytoplasm if accumulates c) acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis d) activates synthesis of fatty acids ...
... a) is formed from oxaloacetate and acetic acid b) is transported to the cytoplasm if accumulates c) acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis d) activates synthesis of fatty acids ...
Biochemistry
... A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance "fat burning". What is the role of carnitine in the process of fat oxidation? A Transport of FFA (free fatty acids) from cytosol to the mitochondria B Transport of FFA from fat depots to the tissu ...
... A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance "fat burning". What is the role of carnitine in the process of fat oxidation? A Transport of FFA (free fatty acids) from cytosol to the mitochondria B Transport of FFA from fat depots to the tissu ...
Muscle Energy and Metabolism
... • produces much more ATP // glycolysis = 2 vs Kreb’s Cycle = 36 to 38 • less toxic end products CO2 // glycolysis produces lactic acid • Produces metabolic water • Reduces FAD and NAD / these oxidized via electron transport system to produce most of the ATPs associated with the Kreb’s Cycle // two A ...
... • produces much more ATP // glycolysis = 2 vs Kreb’s Cycle = 36 to 38 • less toxic end products CO2 // glycolysis produces lactic acid • Produces metabolic water • Reduces FAD and NAD / these oxidized via electron transport system to produce most of the ATPs associated with the Kreb’s Cycle // two A ...
Protein Synthesis I
... a. mRNA is a message that contains the codes for the amino acids b. Codes can be very different- you can have a nucleic acid polymer which has a code at every segment of the nucleic acid i. For instance, you could start synthesizing a protein with the three nucleotides in the beginning, or you could ...
... a. mRNA is a message that contains the codes for the amino acids b. Codes can be very different- you can have a nucleic acid polymer which has a code at every segment of the nucleic acid i. For instance, you could start synthesizing a protein with the three nucleotides in the beginning, or you could ...
Energy Transfer
... Digestion, absorption, and assimilation of relatively large food macromolecules into small subunits. Within the cytosol, AA’s, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol units are degraded into acetyl-CoA Within the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA degrades to CO2 and H2O with considerable ATP resynthesis. ...
... Digestion, absorption, and assimilation of relatively large food macromolecules into small subunits. Within the cytosol, AA’s, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol units are degraded into acetyl-CoA Within the mitochondria, acetyl-CoA degrades to CO2 and H2O with considerable ATP resynthesis. ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.