lecture6
... Ketone Bodies Are Formed from Acetyl Coenzyme A When Fat Breakdown Predominates The acetyl CoA formed in fatty acid oxidation enters the citric acid cycle only if fat and carbohydrate degradation are appropriately balanced. The reason is that the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depend ...
... Ketone Bodies Are Formed from Acetyl Coenzyme A When Fat Breakdown Predominates The acetyl CoA formed in fatty acid oxidation enters the citric acid cycle only if fat and carbohydrate degradation are appropriately balanced. The reason is that the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depend ...
Active Learning Questions
... they apply to acids and bases. When is HCl strong? Weak? Concentrated? Dilute? Answer the same questions for ammonia. Is the conjugate base of a weak acid a strong base? 3. Sketch two graphs: (a) percent dissociation for weak acid HA versus the initial concentration of HA ([HA]0) and (b) H concentr ...
... they apply to acids and bases. When is HCl strong? Weak? Concentrated? Dilute? Answer the same questions for ammonia. Is the conjugate base of a weak acid a strong base? 3. Sketch two graphs: (a) percent dissociation for weak acid HA versus the initial concentration of HA ([HA]0) and (b) H concentr ...
Lysine Inhibition of in vivo Homocitrate Synthesis in
... chromatogram corresponding to these peaks were cut out and counted in a Beckman scintillation spectrometer, with toluene scintillation fluid [4 g of Omnifluor (New England Nuclear, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) in I 1 reagent-grade toluene]. We have used the incorporation of labelled acetate into h ...
... chromatogram corresponding to these peaks were cut out and counted in a Beckman scintillation spectrometer, with toluene scintillation fluid [4 g of Omnifluor (New England Nuclear, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) in I 1 reagent-grade toluene]. We have used the incorporation of labelled acetate into h ...
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation alterations in heart failure
... while increasing glucose oxidation inhibits fatty acid oxidation. Fatty acid oxidation decreases glucose metabolism through a few mechanisms. PDH is inhibited by NADH and acetyl CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation (Sugden and Holness, 2003; Jaswal et al., 2011). In addition, increased citrate lev ...
... while increasing glucose oxidation inhibits fatty acid oxidation. Fatty acid oxidation decreases glucose metabolism through a few mechanisms. PDH is inhibited by NADH and acetyl CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation (Sugden and Holness, 2003; Jaswal et al., 2011). In addition, increased citrate lev ...
BMC Microbiology
... Current address: Centre of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ...
... Current address: Centre of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ...
ATP - Luzzago
... the heterotroph uses light for energy, (it happens mainly in some groups of bacteria) then it is considered a photoheterotroph, while if the heterotroph uses chemical energy, it is considered a chemoheterotroph. ...
... the heterotroph uses light for energy, (it happens mainly in some groups of bacteria) then it is considered a photoheterotroph, while if the heterotroph uses chemical energy, it is considered a chemoheterotroph. ...
Phylogenetic tree construction based on amino acid composition
... from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene (unpublished data). The larger genome target yielded better classifications because coincidental similarity was reduced. With respect to the number of samples used in cluster analyses, 39 species were included in the previous study compared with 63 in this ...
... from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene (unpublished data). The larger genome target yielded better classifications because coincidental similarity was reduced. With respect to the number of samples used in cluster analyses, 39 species were included in the previous study compared with 63 in this ...
Fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, muscle and liver in health
... The control of fatty acid uptake by adipocytes is not well understood. Up-regulation of adipose tissue LPL activity in the fed state is brought about by multiple mechanisms (Figure 2). LPL is synthesized within adipocytes and exported to its site of action, the luminal side of the capillary endothel ...
... The control of fatty acid uptake by adipocytes is not well understood. Up-regulation of adipose tissue LPL activity in the fed state is brought about by multiple mechanisms (Figure 2). LPL is synthesized within adipocytes and exported to its site of action, the luminal side of the capillary endothel ...
1495/Chapter 03
... are the sites where ATP synthesis occurs. More mitochondria are found in cells that require more energy, such as muscle and liver cells. The two mitochondrial membranes have important differences in their biochemical composition. The outer membrane contains a transport protein called porin that make ...
... are the sites where ATP synthesis occurs. More mitochondria are found in cells that require more energy, such as muscle and liver cells. The two mitochondrial membranes have important differences in their biochemical composition. The outer membrane contains a transport protein called porin that make ...
CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACTANTS AND EMULGENTS
... ► Multivalent ions e.g. Mg2+, Ca2+,Al2+ and Zn2+ produce marked water insolubility, therefore soaps are not useful in hard water which is high in the content of these ions. ► These agents are often incorporated into topical formulations for their excellent cleansing properties. ► Toxicity, gastroirr ...
... ► Multivalent ions e.g. Mg2+, Ca2+,Al2+ and Zn2+ produce marked water insolubility, therefore soaps are not useful in hard water which is high in the content of these ions. ► These agents are often incorporated into topical formulations for their excellent cleansing properties. ► Toxicity, gastroirr ...
to learn more about the health benefits of fermented goat dairy
... fractionation of caseins has been detected in milk products using different bacterial strains during fermentation. ACE is one of the main blood pressure-regulating molecules as it is able to synthesize angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Furthermore, this process of angiotensin II synthesis ...
... fractionation of caseins has been detected in milk products using different bacterial strains during fermentation. ACE is one of the main blood pressure-regulating molecules as it is able to synthesize angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Furthermore, this process of angiotensin II synthesis ...
Improvement of poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA)
... Poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) found in the mucilage of fermented soybean is synthesized by Bacillus sp. Its derivatives have been used as cryoprotectants, bitterness-relieving agents, thickeners and humectants in the ingredient industry. The wild type of Bacillus subtilis SBMYP-1 isolated from fermente ...
... Poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) found in the mucilage of fermented soybean is synthesized by Bacillus sp. Its derivatives have been used as cryoprotectants, bitterness-relieving agents, thickeners and humectants in the ingredient industry. The wild type of Bacillus subtilis SBMYP-1 isolated from fermente ...
06_Lecture_Presentation - Cornerstone Charter Academy
... 6.1 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide energy for life Energy in sunlight is used in photosynthesis to make glucose from CO2 and H2O with release of O2 Other organisms use the O2 and energy in sugar and release CO2 and H2O Together, these two processes are responsible for the maj ...
... 6.1 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide energy for life Energy in sunlight is used in photosynthesis to make glucose from CO2 and H2O with release of O2 Other organisms use the O2 and energy in sugar and release CO2 and H2O Together, these two processes are responsible for the maj ...
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), strategies, resins and
... temp. for extended periods (but storage at 4°C is recommended) deprotection with TFA is rapid successful strategy for many peptide synthesis applications good coupling results ...
... temp. for extended periods (but storage at 4°C is recommended) deprotection with TFA is rapid successful strategy for many peptide synthesis applications good coupling results ...
video slide
... no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
PYRUVATE OXIDATION, KREBS CYCLE agnes je... 583KB Nov 04
... “Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase - Links Krebs Cycle to Amino Acid production” (2002). Retrieved from http://everything2.com/title/Alpha+Ketoglutarate+Dehydrogenase++Links+Krebs+Cycle+to+Amino+Acid+production Dax, R., H.A., D.B. (2010). From Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA: Oxidation. Retrieved from ...
... “Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase - Links Krebs Cycle to Amino Acid production” (2002). Retrieved from http://everything2.com/title/Alpha+Ketoglutarate+Dehydrogenase++Links+Krebs+Cycle+to+Amino+Acid+production Dax, R., H.A., D.B. (2010). From Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA: Oxidation. Retrieved from ...
userfiles/153/my files/09_lecture_presentation 2015?id=1069
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases Energy investment phase Energy payoff phase The net yield from glycolysis = 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose. Two pyruvate (3C) molecules are also formed. Note: No CO2 is produced during glycolysis. . Glycolysis occurs whether or ...
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases Energy investment phase Energy payoff phase The net yield from glycolysis = 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose. Two pyruvate (3C) molecules are also formed. Note: No CO2 is produced during glycolysis. . Glycolysis occurs whether or ...
Cellular Respiration
... in the electron transport system (ETS). 2. Electrons pass from energy carrier to the next. 3. With each transfer, energy is released 4. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the outer compartment of the mitochondrion. ...
... in the electron transport system (ETS). 2. Electrons pass from energy carrier to the next. 3. With each transfer, energy is released 4. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the outer compartment of the mitochondrion. ...
Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino, Acids and Peptides
... The traditional and well-known names of the common a-amino acids were, in general, given to them by their discoverers and bear no relationship to their chemical structures [1, 2]. The modification of these names to accommodate derivatives and to designate configuration was codified in 1947 [3] and r ...
... The traditional and well-known names of the common a-amino acids were, in general, given to them by their discoverers and bear no relationship to their chemical structures [1, 2]. The modification of these names to accommodate derivatives and to designate configuration was codified in 1947 [3] and r ...
12_Lecture
... fatty acids funnel into and out of the citric acid cycle. • The citric acid cycle degrades two-carbon acetyl groups from acetyl CoA into CO2 and generates the high-energy molecules NADH and FADH2. • The initial reaction is a condensation reaction between acetyl CoA and the four-carbon molecule oxalo ...
... fatty acids funnel into and out of the citric acid cycle. • The citric acid cycle degrades two-carbon acetyl groups from acetyl CoA into CO2 and generates the high-energy molecules NADH and FADH2. • The initial reaction is a condensation reaction between acetyl CoA and the four-carbon molecule oxalo ...
INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
... the backbone of the glycine molecule is directly incorporated into the purine ring. Carbon atoms 2 and 8 are furnished by formate and carbon 6 by CO2. However, several years of research were required to elucidate the complex enzymatic steps involved in the biosynthesis of the purine nucleotides. ...
... the backbone of the glycine molecule is directly incorporated into the purine ring. Carbon atoms 2 and 8 are furnished by formate and carbon 6 by CO2. However, several years of research were required to elucidate the complex enzymatic steps involved in the biosynthesis of the purine nucleotides. ...
Extraction of Iron (III) from Aqueous Sulfate
... minium sulfate [1, 2]. Another type of primary amine Primene 81R was used for separation of Fe(III) and Al(III) by solvent extraction treatment of sulfate leach liquors produced by the acid leaching of nonbauxitic ores [3]. A study of extraction mechanism for this process has been made [4]. The comp ...
... minium sulfate [1, 2]. Another type of primary amine Primene 81R was used for separation of Fe(III) and Al(III) by solvent extraction treatment of sulfate leach liquors produced by the acid leaching of nonbauxitic ores [3]. A study of extraction mechanism for this process has been made [4]. The comp ...
105 ACID - DW Brooks
... separated from the solution. This kind of compound is called a salt. Thus, the products ofa typical acid-base reaction are a salt and water. This acid-base reaction, called neutralization, can be represented by the following equation. HCI(aq) + NaOH(aq) ...
... separated from the solution. This kind of compound is called a salt. Thus, the products ofa typical acid-base reaction are a salt and water. This acid-base reaction, called neutralization, can be represented by the following equation. HCI(aq) + NaOH(aq) ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.