Cellular respiration
... Citric acid cycle This is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, two processes can occur, aerobic or anaerobic respiration. When oxygen is present, the ...
... Citric acid cycle This is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, two processes can occur, aerobic or anaerobic respiration. When oxygen is present, the ...
Oxygen and the Growth and Metabolism of
... 2 pg. ;thiamine. HCl, I mg. ; casein hydrolysate (Oxoid), 4 g. It was sterilized by autoclaving at 15 lb./in2. for 15 min., and K,HPO, plus KH,PO, were then added aseptically from sterile solutions each to final concentrations of 0.5 g./l. which brought the final pH value to 6.9. Growth. Cultures we ...
... 2 pg. ;thiamine. HCl, I mg. ; casein hydrolysate (Oxoid), 4 g. It was sterilized by autoclaving at 15 lb./in2. for 15 min., and K,HPO, plus KH,PO, were then added aseptically from sterile solutions each to final concentrations of 0.5 g./l. which brought the final pH value to 6.9. Growth. Cultures we ...
Chemotropism of Achlya ambisexualis to Methionine
... carboxyl-terminal methionine was inactive. Other metabolically important compounds such as glucose, lactate and acetate failed to induce chemotropism (Table 1e). This lack of response to non-amino acid nutrients is consistent with findings in A. bisexualis (Musgrave et al., 1977) and Blastocladiella ...
... carboxyl-terminal methionine was inactive. Other metabolically important compounds such as glucose, lactate and acetate failed to induce chemotropism (Table 1e). This lack of response to non-amino acid nutrients is consistent with findings in A. bisexualis (Musgrave et al., 1977) and Blastocladiella ...
11 Cytochrome P450 and the Metabolism and Bioactivation of
... that is, 8(5),9(i?)-EET formed ll(i?)-hydroxy8(-S),9(i?)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid exclusively, whereas the 8(/?),9(*S)-enantiomer formed both Cjj and Cj5 hydroxylated metabolites^^. A detailed study of the secondary metabolism of 12(i?)-HETE and 14,15-EET by P450 has been reported^ ^' ^'. The effici ...
... that is, 8(5),9(i?)-EET formed ll(i?)-hydroxy8(-S),9(i?)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid exclusively, whereas the 8(/?),9(*S)-enantiomer formed both Cjj and Cj5 hydroxylated metabolites^^. A detailed study of the secondary metabolism of 12(i?)-HETE and 14,15-EET by P450 has been reported^ ^' ^'. The effici ...
VOLATILE COMPOUNDS AND AMINO ACIDS IN CHEESE
... type powders had the highest total content of free amino acids as well as of more of the individual amino acids, indicating that the cheeses used were more mature. Especially glutamic acid but also aspartic acid are of interest due to their umami taste (4), however, they did not vary significantly b ...
... type powders had the highest total content of free amino acids as well as of more of the individual amino acids, indicating that the cheeses used were more mature. Especially glutamic acid but also aspartic acid are of interest due to their umami taste (4), however, they did not vary significantly b ...
BS3050 Physiology of Sport and Exercise
... depleted the muscle turns to another source of energy triacylglycerol, which becomes very important in endurance events. Blood glucose remains available but this is necessary to maintain the function of all the other tissues in the body e.g. the brain, and so can only be used sparingly in muscles. E ...
... depleted the muscle turns to another source of energy triacylglycerol, which becomes very important in endurance events. Blood glucose remains available but this is necessary to maintain the function of all the other tissues in the body e.g. the brain, and so can only be used sparingly in muscles. E ...
Phar 722 Pharmacy Practice III
... – In infants there is a characteristic type of convulsions which is reversible when pyridoxine supplements are given. – Deficient infants also show a characteristic electrical encephalogram. (This was "discovered" when infants were fed an infant formula lacking pyridoxine.) ...
... – In infants there is a characteristic type of convulsions which is reversible when pyridoxine supplements are given. – Deficient infants also show a characteristic electrical encephalogram. (This was "discovered" when infants were fed an infant formula lacking pyridoxine.) ...
Environmental enteric dysfunction is associated with carnitine
... palmitoyltransferase II. Carnitine is then free to cycle back to the cytosol through the transporter (Fig. 1). Secondary carnitine deficiency is characterized by increases in serum acylcarnitines, fatty acid intermediates associated with blocked β-oxidation, and dicarboxylic acids produced by ω-oxida ...
... palmitoyltransferase II. Carnitine is then free to cycle back to the cytosol through the transporter (Fig. 1). Secondary carnitine deficiency is characterized by increases in serum acylcarnitines, fatty acid intermediates associated with blocked β-oxidation, and dicarboxylic acids produced by ω-oxida ...
Lactic Acid in Muscle and its Effects on meat Quality(3)
... speculated that the major role of MCT1 is in this influx of lactate (Halestrap and Price, review 1999). During stressful situations, when ATP consumption in the cell exceeds the capacity of oxidative metabolism, lactate accumulates in the fiber, due to the shift towards anaerobic energy production. ...
... speculated that the major role of MCT1 is in this influx of lactate (Halestrap and Price, review 1999). During stressful situations, when ATP consumption in the cell exceeds the capacity of oxidative metabolism, lactate accumulates in the fiber, due to the shift towards anaerobic energy production. ...
Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides
... The traditional and well-known names of the common a-amino acids were, in general, given to them by their discoverers and bear no relationship to their chemical structures [l, 21. The modification of these names to accommodate derivatives and to designate configuration was codified in 1947 [3] and r ...
... The traditional and well-known names of the common a-amino acids were, in general, given to them by their discoverers and bear no relationship to their chemical structures [l, 21. The modification of these names to accommodate derivatives and to designate configuration was codified in 1947 [3] and r ...
Quality of Lipids in Fish Fed Vegetable Oils
... 2000). Pacu has semi-lean meat and, like carp, stores most of its fat as adipose tissue in the abdominal wall (Mráz & Pickova, 2009). These fish have also evolved different strategies for metabolic response to xenobiotic compounds (van der Oost et al., 2003) It is well known that n-3 fatty acids, pa ...
... 2000). Pacu has semi-lean meat and, like carp, stores most of its fat as adipose tissue in the abdominal wall (Mráz & Pickova, 2009). These fish have also evolved different strategies for metabolic response to xenobiotic compounds (van der Oost et al., 2003) It is well known that n-3 fatty acids, pa ...
Amino acids and peptide bonds
... Protein Functions – Enzymes -Catalyze a thermodynamically favorable reaction – Storage/transport - binding proteins fatty acids w/albumin – no catalytic activity but do form chemical bonds with ligands – Structure - Several levels – cytoskeleton, collagen, bone ... – Receptors – Growth factors ...
... Protein Functions – Enzymes -Catalyze a thermodynamically favorable reaction – Storage/transport - binding proteins fatty acids w/albumin – no catalytic activity but do form chemical bonds with ligands – Structure - Several levels – cytoskeleton, collagen, bone ... – Receptors – Growth factors ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... the complete oxidation of pyruvate under aerobic conditions, but the two ATPs produced from lactate fermentation are sufficient to sustain the life of anaerobic microorganisms. – In human metabolism, those two ATPs play a critical role by furnishing energy when cellular supplies of oxygen are insuff ...
... the complete oxidation of pyruvate under aerobic conditions, but the two ATPs produced from lactate fermentation are sufficient to sustain the life of anaerobic microorganisms. – In human metabolism, those two ATPs play a critical role by furnishing energy when cellular supplies of oxygen are insuff ...
H 2 O 2
... on protons, but also on concentrations of other ions, ΔG = – nFΔ The proton motive force Δ p is the quantity expressed in the term of potential (milivolts per mole of H+ transferred): Δ p = – ΔG / nF = Δ + 60 Δ pH . Utilization of proton motive force • synthesis of ATP = aerobic phosphorylation • ...
... on protons, but also on concentrations of other ions, ΔG = – nFΔ The proton motive force Δ p is the quantity expressed in the term of potential (milivolts per mole of H+ transferred): Δ p = – ΔG / nF = Δ + 60 Δ pH . Utilization of proton motive force • synthesis of ATP = aerobic phosphorylation • ...
BMC Microbiology
... Their presence could point towards the existence of sexual reproduction in A. niger or a broader role for the gene products in physiology, than just sexual development. ...
... Their presence could point towards the existence of sexual reproduction in A. niger or a broader role for the gene products in physiology, than just sexual development. ...
Homologous Promoter Use in Genetic Modification
... The benefits of homologous promoter use were demonstrated recently in a study on the characterization of a cotton αglobulin promoter, which showed that this promoter resulted in a significantly higher level of gusA gene expression in cotton, compared to that of two other heterologous systems, Arabidop ...
... The benefits of homologous promoter use were demonstrated recently in a study on the characterization of a cotton αglobulin promoter, which showed that this promoter resulted in a significantly higher level of gusA gene expression in cotton, compared to that of two other heterologous systems, Arabidop ...
Hardy-Weinberg Assignment
... pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane; these protons then flow through ATP synthase which converts ADP to ATP ...
... pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane; these protons then flow through ATP synthase which converts ADP to ATP ...
Qualitative tests of amino acids
... hydrindantin to produce an intensely blue or purple pigment, sometimes called ruhemann's purple ...
... hydrindantin to produce an intensely blue or purple pigment, sometimes called ruhemann's purple ...
Lactobacillus sanfrancisco a key sourdough lactic acid bacterium: a
... disappearance of S. cerevisiae from the microbial population of sourdough during consecutive fermentations has been related to the repression of genes involved in maltose fermentation (Nout and Creemers-Molenaar 1986). In Lb. sanfrancisco strains, maltose utilization is very effective and is not sub ...
... disappearance of S. cerevisiae from the microbial population of sourdough during consecutive fermentations has been related to the repression of genes involved in maltose fermentation (Nout and Creemers-Molenaar 1986). In Lb. sanfrancisco strains, maltose utilization is very effective and is not sub ...
Chapter 24
... pyruvate to glucose does not occur by reversing the steps of glucose to pyruvate. ...
... pyruvate to glucose does not occur by reversing the steps of glucose to pyruvate. ...
DISCLAIMER: This lecture outline is intended to help you take notes
... - produces 2 ATP - produces 25 GTP - produces 2 NADH (cytosol) - produces 97 NADH (matrix) - produces 46 FADH2 - regulation - lipases (adipose tissue) - reversible covalent modification - phosphorylation on hormonal signal increases activity - carnitine acyltransferase I - allosteric - malonyl-CoA ( ...
... - produces 2 ATP - produces 25 GTP - produces 2 NADH (cytosol) - produces 97 NADH (matrix) - produces 46 FADH2 - regulation - lipases (adipose tissue) - reversible covalent modification - phosphorylation on hormonal signal increases activity - carnitine acyltransferase I - allosteric - malonyl-CoA ( ...
File E-Leraning : METABOLISME
... Process used in the baking and brewing industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during fermentation to make dough rise and give bread its holes ...
... Process used in the baking and brewing industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during fermentation to make dough rise and give bread its holes ...
Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
... Organic acids have been known for ages. Prehistoric people likely made acetic acid when their fermentation reactions went awry and produced vinegar instead of wine. The Sumerians (2900–1800 BCE) used vinegar as a condiment, a preservative, an antibiotic, and a detergent. Citric acid was discovered b ...
... Organic acids have been known for ages. Prehistoric people likely made acetic acid when their fermentation reactions went awry and produced vinegar instead of wine. The Sumerians (2900–1800 BCE) used vinegar as a condiment, a preservative, an antibiotic, and a detergent. Citric acid was discovered b ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.