CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANAEROBIC METABOLISM TO pH
... Modifications of anaerobic glycolysis, which are observed in facultatively anaerobic invertebrates such as marine bivalves, annelids and sipunculids, do not change this general picture. These animals form opines instead of lactate in the terminal reaction of the glycolytic pathway (Gade & Grieshaber ...
... Modifications of anaerobic glycolysis, which are observed in facultatively anaerobic invertebrates such as marine bivalves, annelids and sipunculids, do not change this general picture. These animals form opines instead of lactate in the terminal reaction of the glycolytic pathway (Gade & Grieshaber ...
Algae triglycerides
... Under unfavorable environmental or stress conditions for growth, however, many algae alter their lipid biosynthetic pathways towards the formation and accumulation of neutral lipids (20–50% DCW), mainly in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Unlike the glycerolipids found in membranes, TAGs do not pe ...
... Under unfavorable environmental or stress conditions for growth, however, many algae alter their lipid biosynthetic pathways towards the formation and accumulation of neutral lipids (20–50% DCW), mainly in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Unlike the glycerolipids found in membranes, TAGs do not pe ...
effect of -fluorination of valproic acid on valproyl- s-acyl
... formation of reactive species that bind covalently to important enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism (Fig. 2). Evidence for the formation of chemically reactive metabolites of VPA and ⌬4-VPA comes from covalent binding studies in isolated rat hepatocytes. Covalent binding was abolished in cells ...
... formation of reactive species that bind covalently to important enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism (Fig. 2). Evidence for the formation of chemically reactive metabolites of VPA and ⌬4-VPA comes from covalent binding studies in isolated rat hepatocytes. Covalent binding was abolished in cells ...
Functional Anatomy of the Liver
... Liver metabolism becomes a source of plasma glucose for other tissues a) de novo synthesis (gluconeogenesis) is one of liver’s important major functions 1) essential for maintaining normal plasma glucose concentrations b) Glycogenolysis also delivers glucose to plasma---breakdown of glycogen 1) stor ...
... Liver metabolism becomes a source of plasma glucose for other tissues a) de novo synthesis (gluconeogenesis) is one of liver’s important major functions 1) essential for maintaining normal plasma glucose concentrations b) Glycogenolysis also delivers glucose to plasma---breakdown of glycogen 1) stor ...
Lab 7 PPT - Dr Magrann
... • All of NAD’s brothers are also named NAD. It takes 2 NAD brothers to come to the glycolysis gumball machine and take on the burden of the H+. They are now called NADH. • Right now, you need to take your 2 gumballs (pyruvate) to the mitochondria so you can ...
... • All of NAD’s brothers are also named NAD. It takes 2 NAD brothers to come to the glycolysis gumball machine and take on the burden of the H+. They are now called NADH. • Right now, you need to take your 2 gumballs (pyruvate) to the mitochondria so you can ...
7. Making and storing fat and retrieving it to supply energy
... are degraded to form CO2 in the mitochondria. CO2 is removed from the body by breathing, and it ultimately goes to the atmosphere. Two types of cells are notable in that they do not use fat as a fuel. Red blood cells (RBC’s) have no mitochondria and consequently RBC’S do not use fat. Brain has mitoc ...
... are degraded to form CO2 in the mitochondria. CO2 is removed from the body by breathing, and it ultimately goes to the atmosphere. Two types of cells are notable in that they do not use fat as a fuel. Red blood cells (RBC’s) have no mitochondria and consequently RBC’S do not use fat. Brain has mitoc ...
biochemistry - Textbooks Online
... water, water tends to flow from the latter to the former. The property of the movement of solvent particles is called as osmosis. Osmosis is the net diffusion of water from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution. Osmosis is a colligative property of solution that depends on the number of m ...
... water, water tends to flow from the latter to the former. The property of the movement of solvent particles is called as osmosis. Osmosis is the net diffusion of water from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution. Osmosis is a colligative property of solution that depends on the number of m ...
11-Electrophoretic method for the separation of LDH
... Electrophoretic method for the separation of LDH Isoenzymes On agarose gel The final reaction of anaerobic (without oxygen) glycolysis is the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid and this reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In skeletal muscle, where oxygen deprivation i ...
... Electrophoretic method for the separation of LDH Isoenzymes On agarose gel The final reaction of anaerobic (without oxygen) glycolysis is the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid and this reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In skeletal muscle, where oxygen deprivation i ...
14C2H4 : Distribution of 14G-labeled tissue metabolites
... distribution were noted for 14COz with or without nonlabeled ethylene indicating that the differences observed between 14CsH4 and 14CC>2 incorporation could not be attributed to an ethylene-induced alteration of14CC>2 metabolism. Major differences were also noted for the amount of 14G incorporated b ...
... distribution were noted for 14COz with or without nonlabeled ethylene indicating that the differences observed between 14CsH4 and 14CC>2 incorporation could not be attributed to an ethylene-induced alteration of14CC>2 metabolism. Major differences were also noted for the amount of 14G incorporated b ...
The Presence and Function of Cytochromes in
... (Chemap AG, Mannedorf ZH, Switzerland) with a pH controller (de Vries u t al. 1973) in the media described above. Selenomonas ruminantium was also cultured with lactose replaced by glycerol (10 g/l) and galactose (0.5 g/l). S. ruminantium was cultured at pH 6.5, Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Veillonel ...
... (Chemap AG, Mannedorf ZH, Switzerland) with a pH controller (de Vries u t al. 1973) in the media described above. Selenomonas ruminantium was also cultured with lactose replaced by glycerol (10 g/l) and galactose (0.5 g/l). S. ruminantium was cultured at pH 6.5, Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Veillonel ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy ...
... causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy ...
BI25M1
... [Remember ‘feed-in’ or ‘anaplerotic’ reactions from Citric Acid Cycle Lecture 2, when a citric acid cycle intermediate is produced, as in the scheme above, the ‘feed-in’ reaction allows a section of the cycle to become part of a linear pathway, and contribute to anabolism (here, of Glc).] ...
... [Remember ‘feed-in’ or ‘anaplerotic’ reactions from Citric Acid Cycle Lecture 2, when a citric acid cycle intermediate is produced, as in the scheme above, the ‘feed-in’ reaction allows a section of the cycle to become part of a linear pathway, and contribute to anabolism (here, of Glc).] ...
and gender-specific hallmarks
... signalling/metabolism, protein levels must be assessed. We have extensively analysed visceral adipose tissue from age-, T2DM- and gender-matched obese patients using high-throughput proteomics and systems biology methods to identify new biomarkers for the onset of T2DM in obesity, as well as to gain ...
... signalling/metabolism, protein levels must be assessed. We have extensively analysed visceral adipose tissue from age-, T2DM- and gender-matched obese patients using high-throughput proteomics and systems biology methods to identify new biomarkers for the onset of T2DM in obesity, as well as to gain ...
Role of Mitochondria in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
... chylomicrons are delivered to adipose tissue, the remaining are taken by the liver [34]. Donnelly et al. have demonstrated that about 59% of liver FFAs in NAFLD patients are derived from the circulation, 26% from de novo lipogenesis and 15% from the diet [35]. 2.1.2. Adipose Tissue Lipolysis In mamm ...
... chylomicrons are delivered to adipose tissue, the remaining are taken by the liver [34]. Donnelly et al. have demonstrated that about 59% of liver FFAs in NAFLD patients are derived from the circulation, 26% from de novo lipogenesis and 15% from the diet [35]. 2.1.2. Adipose Tissue Lipolysis In mamm ...
Thermogenic Mechanisms and Their Hormonal Regulation
... obligatory thermogenesis (ObT) higher than that in poikilothermic species (78). Operationally, one can define a thermoneutral zone, a range of ambient temperatures where ObT is sufficient, without the participation of any other temperature homeostasis mechanism, to maintain TC. In this range of ambi ...
... obligatory thermogenesis (ObT) higher than that in poikilothermic species (78). Operationally, one can define a thermoneutral zone, a range of ambient temperatures where ObT is sufficient, without the participation of any other temperature homeostasis mechanism, to maintain TC. In this range of ambi ...
FATTY ACID METABOLISM
... yield two molecules of acetyl CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle. • The liver has acetoacetate available to supply other organs because it lacks this particular CoA transferase. • Acetoacetate also has a regulatory role: – High levels of acetoacetate in the blood lead to a decrease in t ...
... yield two molecules of acetyl CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle. • The liver has acetoacetate available to supply other organs because it lacks this particular CoA transferase. • Acetoacetate also has a regulatory role: – High levels of acetoacetate in the blood lead to a decrease in t ...
Important metabolic pathways in poultry embryos prior to hatch
... 1990a). This condition does not occur in avian embryos because there are little carbohydrates present in the egg (Romanoff, 1967), so this paper will focus on βoxidation. Fatty acids, stored in egg yolk as triacylglycerol and phospholipids, can be used for energy and membrane synthesis throughout in ...
... 1990a). This condition does not occur in avian embryos because there are little carbohydrates present in the egg (Romanoff, 1967), so this paper will focus on βoxidation. Fatty acids, stored in egg yolk as triacylglycerol and phospholipids, can be used for energy and membrane synthesis throughout in ...
METABOLISM OF POLYSACCHARIDES
... Holoenzymes containing coenzymes (as its non-protein part) which are often vitamin derivatives perform multiple functions. For example, the first enzyme in gluconeogenesis pyruvate carboxylase uses biotin for carboxylation of pyruvate; but the transformation of the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate ...
... Holoenzymes containing coenzymes (as its non-protein part) which are often vitamin derivatives perform multiple functions. For example, the first enzyme in gluconeogenesis pyruvate carboxylase uses biotin for carboxylation of pyruvate; but the transformation of the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate ...
1. Fatty acids may be synthesized from dietary glucose via pyruvate
... a. Reaction. Butyryl-ACP (a four-carbon unit) reacts with another malonyl group via the reactions described above to form a six-carbon unit, and the reactions of the fatty acid synthase complex continue. b. Reaction repeats. After seven turns of this cycle, palmitic-ACP (a 16-carbon unit) is synthes ...
... a. Reaction. Butyryl-ACP (a four-carbon unit) reacts with another malonyl group via the reactions described above to form a six-carbon unit, and the reactions of the fatty acid synthase complex continue. b. Reaction repeats. After seven turns of this cycle, palmitic-ACP (a 16-carbon unit) is synthes ...
SYMPOSIUM ON CORONARY HEART DISEASE
... are, of course, additional confirmatory evidence. Of perhaps greater value are rises in enzyme levels in a patient with a suggestive history whose electrocardiogram is atypical, or obscured by previous myocardial infarction, digitalis administration, bundle-branch block, or the Wolff-Parkinson-White ...
... are, of course, additional confirmatory evidence. Of perhaps greater value are rises in enzyme levels in a patient with a suggestive history whose electrocardiogram is atypical, or obscured by previous myocardial infarction, digitalis administration, bundle-branch block, or the Wolff-Parkinson-White ...
Pupmed Linked Abstracts
... killed and serum and kidneys were isolated for analysis. 3. Injection of CDDP resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)), as well as a significant decrease in reduced glutathione ...
... killed and serum and kidneys were isolated for analysis. 3. Injection of CDDP resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)), as well as a significant decrease in reduced glutathione ...
발효화학-8.
... oxygen supply is lower than that of consumption. Organic compound are removed from anaerobic ecosystems through the concerted action of fermentative and anaerobic respiratory microorganisms ...
... oxygen supply is lower than that of consumption. Organic compound are removed from anaerobic ecosystems through the concerted action of fermentative and anaerobic respiratory microorganisms ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • The electron transport chain is in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondrion • Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • El ...
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • The electron transport chain is in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondrion • Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • El ...
Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... tightly with adipocyte differentiation, as treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α), a cytokine which inhibits adipocyte differentiation, also suppresses PC expression [23]. However, the inhibition of PC expression may be a secondary effect caused by the suppression of ...
... tightly with adipocyte differentiation, as treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α), a cytokine which inhibits adipocyte differentiation, also suppresses PC expression [23]. However, the inhibition of PC expression may be a secondary effect caused by the suppression of ...
regulation of fatty acid synthesis
... activity of the enzyme will lead to no net change in flux through the pathway (81). On the basis of this criterion, it is possible to classify enzymes within a pathway as either nonregulatory or potentially regulatory based simply on an examination of the pools of substrates and products for each re ...
... activity of the enzyme will lead to no net change in flux through the pathway (81). On the basis of this criterion, it is possible to classify enzymes within a pathway as either nonregulatory or potentially regulatory based simply on an examination of the pools of substrates and products for each re ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.