Running Improves Pattern Separation during Novel Object
... pattern separation in a touch screen task was shown to be more precise in running mice as compared to sedentary animals [18]. Remarkably, all the behavioral tests assessing pattern separation used behavioral tasks involving positive (food reward) or negative (electric shock) reinforcement strategies ...
... pattern separation in a touch screen task was shown to be more precise in running mice as compared to sedentary animals [18]. Remarkably, all the behavioral tests assessing pattern separation used behavioral tasks involving positive (food reward) or negative (electric shock) reinforcement strategies ...
Cellular mechanisms underlying network synchrony in the medial
... Rat hippocampal EEG and CA1 neural activity - the theta (awake/behaving) - LIA (slow-wave sleep) ...
... Rat hippocampal EEG and CA1 neural activity - the theta (awake/behaving) - LIA (slow-wave sleep) ...
The hippocampal–striatal axis in learning, prediction and
... Sharp wave-ripple: electrophysiological pattern of activity in the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) characterized by high-frequency (150–250 Hz) waxing-and-waning oscillations (ripples) and steep negative potentials (sharp waves) coupled to strong dendritic depolarization of pyramidal cells. S ...
... Sharp wave-ripple: electrophysiological pattern of activity in the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) characterized by high-frequency (150–250 Hz) waxing-and-waning oscillations (ripples) and steep negative potentials (sharp waves) coupled to strong dendritic depolarization of pyramidal cells. S ...
Impaired associative learning in schizophrenia: behavioral and
... anatomical place within the realm of cortical and subcortical connections receiving inputs from the sensory areas in unimodal association cortex and from heteromodal areas such as the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex via the entorhinal cortex. The medial temporal lobe is therefore uniquely posit ...
... anatomical place within the realm of cortical and subcortical connections receiving inputs from the sensory areas in unimodal association cortex and from heteromodal areas such as the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex via the entorhinal cortex. The medial temporal lobe is therefore uniquely posit ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... made. Pearson correlations were calculated for the areas of both hemispheres (n ⫽ 12). The correlation coefficients were .981 and .899. The volumes of four control regions were also determined with a SPOT Insight Color video camera and SPOT Advanced imaging software (Diagnostic Instruments, Version ...
... made. Pearson correlations were calculated for the areas of both hemispheres (n ⫽ 12). The correlation coefficients were .981 and .899. The volumes of four control regions were also determined with a SPOT Insight Color video camera and SPOT Advanced imaging software (Diagnostic Instruments, Version ...
The hippocampo-cortical loop: Spatio
... projects to area CA1. Finally, in the basal ganglia (BG), the striatum receives connections from both the hippocampus and the mPFC. Bilateral connections exist between the BG and mPFC (Groenewegen, Wright, & Uylings, 1997). In the CA1 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus, pyramidal neurons called p ...
... projects to area CA1. Finally, in the basal ganglia (BG), the striatum receives connections from both the hippocampus and the mPFC. Bilateral connections exist between the BG and mPFC (Groenewegen, Wright, & Uylings, 1997). In the CA1 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus, pyramidal neurons called p ...
Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining
... the extent of DB’s lesion was not described, and it is unclear which structures were damaged (6). Last, the patients with hippocampal damage who were impaired had amnesia resulting from limbic encephalitis (7). Although this condition is known to affect medial temporal lobe structures, patients can ...
... the extent of DB’s lesion was not described, and it is unclear which structures were damaged (6). Last, the patients with hippocampal damage who were impaired had amnesia resulting from limbic encephalitis (7). Although this condition is known to affect medial temporal lobe structures, patients can ...
Memory consolidation in humans: new evidence and opportunities
... complex autobiographical memories in humans unclear. In contrast, humans are undeniably adept at recalling and describing their past experiences, but studies have lacked the precision of animal work in trying to elucidate how individual autobiographical memories are represented by neuronal populatio ...
... complex autobiographical memories in humans unclear. In contrast, humans are undeniably adept at recalling and describing their past experiences, but studies have lacked the precision of animal work in trying to elucidate how individual autobiographical memories are represented by neuronal populatio ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... cortex in monkeys (black lines) to those in rats (gray lines) in the lower portion of FIGURE 1. Projections from other unimodal and polymodal sensory areas to the parahippocampal cortex in monkeys and the postrhinal cortex in rats are roughly similar. The perirhinal and parahippocampal/postrhinal co ...
... cortex in monkeys (black lines) to those in rats (gray lines) in the lower portion of FIGURE 1. Projections from other unimodal and polymodal sensory areas to the parahippocampal cortex in monkeys and the postrhinal cortex in rats are roughly similar. The perirhinal and parahippocampal/postrhinal co ...
Cell Assembly Sequences Arising from Spike
... network, mimicking stationary sensory input. Identical initial conditions generate similar sequences, whereas different initial conditions give rise to distinct sequences. The key ingredients responsible for sequence generation in the model are threshold-adaptation and a Mexican-hat-like pattern of ...
... network, mimicking stationary sensory input. Identical initial conditions generate similar sequences, whereas different initial conditions give rise to distinct sequences. The key ingredients responsible for sequence generation in the model are threshold-adaptation and a Mexican-hat-like pattern of ...
Hippocampal region - NeuronDevelopment.org
... lOpographically organized so that EntL terminates in the superficial third of the lacunosum moleculare layer of CA3 and in the superficial third of the dentate molecular layer throughout both ectal and endallimbs. The EntM terminates.in the deep third of the lacunosum moleculare layer of CA3 and in ...
... lOpographically organized so that EntL terminates in the superficial third of the lacunosum moleculare layer of CA3 and in the superficial third of the dentate molecular layer throughout both ectal and endallimbs. The EntM terminates.in the deep third of the lacunosum moleculare layer of CA3 and in ...
Parietal Cortex and Hippocampal Contributions to RuleBased
... brains, rats provide a useful model for many cognitive processes and abilities. Rats have excellent spatial navigation skills, and are ideal study subjects for experiments involving single cell recordings. In addition, rats and humans share many brain structures, including the hippocampus and par ...
... brains, rats provide a useful model for many cognitive processes and abilities. Rats have excellent spatial navigation skills, and are ideal study subjects for experiments involving single cell recordings. In addition, rats and humans share many brain structures, including the hippocampus and par ...
This article was originally published in a journal published by
... Top–down behavioral approaches have become more focused in using anatomically localized manipulations of cholinergic modulation. Bottom–up cellular data from brain slice physiology can be linked to behavior by using detailed computational models. Future work should combine local pharmacological mani ...
... Top–down behavioral approaches have become more focused in using anatomically localized manipulations of cholinergic modulation. Bottom–up cellular data from brain slice physiology can be linked to behavior by using detailed computational models. Future work should combine local pharmacological mani ...
The limbic system
... circuit has included the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala and septum among other areas [Figure 1].[1,2] Hippocampal afferents The major input to the hippocampal formation arises from neurons in layers II and III of the entorhinal cortex. In addition, some septal and hypothalamic fibres reach the hi ...
... circuit has included the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala and septum among other areas [Figure 1].[1,2] Hippocampal afferents The major input to the hippocampal formation arises from neurons in layers II and III of the entorhinal cortex. In addition, some septal and hypothalamic fibres reach the hi ...
Place cells, neocortex and spatial navigation: a short review
... with visual cortical damage and blind rats revealed a much stronger impairment in the brain-damaged rats [12]. This impairment suggests that the visual cortex might accomplish some central function in spatial processing. To examine this possibility, we recorded place cells from rats with lesions of ...
... with visual cortical damage and blind rats revealed a much stronger impairment in the brain-damaged rats [12]. This impairment suggests that the visual cortex might accomplish some central function in spatial processing. To examine this possibility, we recorded place cells from rats with lesions of ...
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces tolerance against brain
... core and an ischemic penumbra (Memezawa et al., 1992; Kaufmann et al., 1999). Many neurons in the penumbra die of apoptosis, while most neurons in the core die of necrosis. The neuronal injury in the ischemic penumbra is reversible and may be salvaged by early and effective treatments (Hossmann, 200 ...
... core and an ischemic penumbra (Memezawa et al., 1992; Kaufmann et al., 1999). Many neurons in the penumbra die of apoptosis, while most neurons in the core die of necrosis. The neuronal injury in the ischemic penumbra is reversible and may be salvaged by early and effective treatments (Hossmann, 200 ...
Volume and Number of Neurons of the Human
... neurons in CA1 (r 5 20.84, 2P , 0.0001) and subiculum (r 5 20.49, 2P , 0.05) but not in other subdivisions. Pronounced AD-related reductions in neuron number were found only in the subiculum and the fascia dentata. Compared with controls, both losses represented 23% of neurons (P , 0.05). These resu ...
... neurons in CA1 (r 5 20.84, 2P , 0.0001) and subiculum (r 5 20.49, 2P , 0.05) but not in other subdivisions. Pronounced AD-related reductions in neuron number were found only in the subiculum and the fascia dentata. Compared with controls, both losses represented 23% of neurons (P , 0.05). These resu ...
Eichenbaum et al., 2012a, #15 - Fortin Lab @ UCI
... is readily observed in the verbal recall of specific experiences, but this approach is obviously not possible in animals. Our own work towards addressing this question has adopted a different, quantitative methodology that has been used extensively in humans to investigate distinctions between recal ...
... is readily observed in the verbal recall of specific experiences, but this approach is obviously not possible in animals. Our own work towards addressing this question has adopted a different, quantitative methodology that has been used extensively in humans to investigate distinctions between recal ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... connections29 in the network oscillation reported here indicates that the synaptic strengths of specific excitatory connections in the network are instrumental in controlling which neuronal elements are active. We thus propose that cholinergic septal activation can induce an oscillatory state in the ...
... connections29 in the network oscillation reported here indicates that the synaptic strengths of specific excitatory connections in the network are instrumental in controlling which neuronal elements are active. We thus propose that cholinergic septal activation can induce an oscillatory state in the ...
From view cells and place cells to cognitive map learning
... pyramidal cells express transitions between places and CA1 pyramidal cells try to select the most appropriate transition according to a particular motivation (information coming from the prefrontal cortex through EC medial connections, for instance). The selected transition can easily be associated ...
... pyramidal cells express transitions between places and CA1 pyramidal cells try to select the most appropriate transition according to a particular motivation (information coming from the prefrontal cortex through EC medial connections, for instance). The selected transition can easily be associated ...
How the hippocampus preserves order: the role of
... the magnitude of this hippocampal subsequent memory effect has been shown to increase with the degree of spatiotemporal discontinuity between the studied representations [18]. Interestingly, the role of the hippocampus in bridging representations across time does not appear to be limited to episodic ...
... the magnitude of this hippocampal subsequent memory effect has been shown to increase with the degree of spatiotemporal discontinuity between the studied representations [18]. Interestingly, the role of the hippocampus in bridging representations across time does not appear to be limited to episodic ...
Neuronal Activity in the Hippocampus During Delayed Non
... found that performance on an odor-guided delayed nonmatching task was impaired by perirhinal-entorhinal cortex lesions but not by fornix transection (Otto and Eichenbaum, 1992). This pattern of results led us to suggest that parahippocampal areas may be sufficient to support recognition memory acros ...
... found that performance on an odor-guided delayed nonmatching task was impaired by perirhinal-entorhinal cortex lesions but not by fornix transection (Otto and Eichenbaum, 1992). This pattern of results led us to suggest that parahippocampal areas may be sufficient to support recognition memory acros ...
Letter to Neuroscience
... demonstration that long-term potentiation (LTP) is optimally induced in the hippocampus with stimulation at theta frequency (5^7 Hz) (Huerta and Lisman, 1995; Staubli and Lynch, 1987; Vertes and Kocsis, 1997). This has led to the proposal that theta may act as a natural tetanizer producing the same ...
... demonstration that long-term potentiation (LTP) is optimally induced in the hippocampus with stimulation at theta frequency (5^7 Hz) (Huerta and Lisman, 1995; Staubli and Lynch, 1987; Vertes and Kocsis, 1997). This has led to the proposal that theta may act as a natural tetanizer producing the same ...
392868
... the CA1 regions, and returns back to the deeper layer of the entorhinal cortex. The hippocampus has been considered to implement an associative memory [15] and the CA3 region including massive recurrent connections is considered to be a major network of the hippocampal memory [16]. These structures ...
... the CA1 regions, and returns back to the deeper layer of the entorhinal cortex. The hippocampus has been considered to implement an associative memory [15] and the CA3 region including massive recurrent connections is considered to be a major network of the hippocampal memory [16]. These structures ...
presentation source
... – review the role of the hippocampus as an important structure involved in learning and memory processes – consider the role of gonadal steroids in altering the morphology of neurons within the hippocampus, and possible differences that exist between males and females in learning and memory; we will ...
... – review the role of the hippocampus as an important structure involved in learning and memory processes – consider the role of gonadal steroids in altering the morphology of neurons within the hippocampus, and possible differences that exist between males and females in learning and memory; we will ...
Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, ""seahorse"" from ἵππος hippos, ""horse"" and κάμπος kampos, ""sea monster"") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex; and in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus.In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia—the inability to form and retain new memories.In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memory is stored in the brain.