Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... Box 3. Consolidation of emotional memories Long-term memory for an event can be enhanced or reduced by manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, ...
... Box 3. Consolidation of emotional memories Long-term memory for an event can be enhanced or reduced by manipulations performed in the hours after learning. Susceptibility of recently formed memories to post-learning manipulations was seen with electroconvulsive shocks, protein synthesis inhibitors, ...
Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory
... Université Paris Sud, Bât. 446, 91405 Orsay, France Received 7 February 2003; accepted 6 May 2003 ...
... Université Paris Sud, Bât. 446, 91405 Orsay, France Received 7 February 2003; accepted 6 May 2003 ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Cells Show Dynamic Modulation With the
... The role of the hippocampus during behavior has been thoroughly researched and great progress has been made into unraveling how the hippocampus plays its central role in memory tasks (Eichenbaum, 2004). The prefrontal cortex has been shown to be involved in a range of complex tasks in primates and r ...
... The role of the hippocampus during behavior has been thoroughly researched and great progress has been made into unraveling how the hippocampus plays its central role in memory tasks (Eichenbaum, 2004). The prefrontal cortex has been shown to be involved in a range of complex tasks in primates and r ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of PTSS, specifically as they relate to learning from previous experience. Animal research has shown that one potential mechanism of damage to the hippocampus is through corticosterone, the animal analog to cortisol in humans, which can be neurotoxic if secreted ...
... the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of PTSS, specifically as they relate to learning from previous experience. Animal research has shown that one potential mechanism of damage to the hippocampus is through corticosterone, the animal analog to cortisol in humans, which can be neurotoxic if secreted ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... hippocampal insult, lesions of perirhinal cortex in monkeys yield a more severe impairment in object recognition performance (20–22). Complementary data indicate that recognition deficits after selective hippocampal damage, if present, can be modest (refs. 23 and 24, but see refs. 25 and 26). Across ...
... hippocampal insult, lesions of perirhinal cortex in monkeys yield a more severe impairment in object recognition performance (20–22). Complementary data indicate that recognition deficits after selective hippocampal damage, if present, can be modest (refs. 23 and 24, but see refs. 25 and 26). Across ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... The gerbils survived well, and no seizureswere observedeither in the acute stageof ischemia or up to 1 week later. Although there was a mortality of lessthan 10%up to 1 week, there was no difference between the five groupsof treatment. Neuropathological studies were not undertaken on the gerbils tha ...
... The gerbils survived well, and no seizureswere observedeither in the acute stageof ischemia or up to 1 week later. Although there was a mortality of lessthan 10%up to 1 week, there was no difference between the five groupsof treatment. Neuropathological studies were not undertaken on the gerbils tha ...
Tracking the Emergence of Conceptual Knowledge during Human
... a dynamic estimation technique that has previously been used to correlate neural activity with binary performance data during learning experiments in monkeys (Wirth et al., 2003) and during human fMRI (Law et al., 2005), termed the state-space model (Smith et al., 2004) (see Supplemental Experimenta ...
... a dynamic estimation technique that has previously been used to correlate neural activity with binary performance data during learning experiments in monkeys (Wirth et al., 2003) and during human fMRI (Law et al., 2005), termed the state-space model (Smith et al., 2004) (see Supplemental Experimenta ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... In further simulations, theta-coded neural dynamics are dictated by a phenomenological phase precession model (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993; O’Keefe, 2007; Huxter et al., 2008). A variable θ, which oscillates sinsuoidally in the range (0:1) at a rate of 8 Hz, is used to represent theoretical theta freque ...
... In further simulations, theta-coded neural dynamics are dictated by a phenomenological phase precession model (O’Keefe and Recce, 1993; O’Keefe, 2007; Huxter et al., 2008). A variable θ, which oscillates sinsuoidally in the range (0:1) at a rate of 8 Hz, is used to represent theoretical theta freque ...
found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... kingdom. Several navigational strategies are used by animals, among them maplike navigation (1). This strategy relies on a set of brain structures, at the hub of which is the hippocampus (1, 2). This brain area contains “place cells,” neurons that activate when the animal enters a restricted region ...
... kingdom. Several navigational strategies are used by animals, among them maplike navigation (1). This strategy relies on a set of brain structures, at the hub of which is the hippocampus (1, 2). This brain area contains “place cells,” neurons that activate when the animal enters a restricted region ...
Genetic Diversity of Principal Neurons in the Hippocampus
... the EC via the subiculum or directly. In all three regions, principal neurons form distinct layers, which are densely-packed. (Fig.1) ...
... the EC via the subiculum or directly. In all three regions, principal neurons form distinct layers, which are densely-packed. (Fig.1) ...
recognition memory: what are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and
... hippocampus and the anterior temporal association cortex27,31,34,38–43. However, these latter tasks chiefly rely on short-term memory mechanisms. Perirhinal lesions impair performance of the ‘TRIAL UNIQUE’ STIMULUS (longterm memory) variant of the delayed-matching task but not the variant in which t ...
... hippocampus and the anterior temporal association cortex27,31,34,38–43. However, these latter tasks chiefly rely on short-term memory mechanisms. Perirhinal lesions impair performance of the ‘TRIAL UNIQUE’ STIMULUS (longterm memory) variant of the delayed-matching task but not the variant in which t ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... function of frequency over time ϕ(t ) = 0 2π f (τ )dτ . For the baseline oscillation with constant frequency f , this integration simply yields the baseline phase ϕ(t ) = 2π ft + ϕ(0). 4. Memory as phase angle Neural oscillations in single neurons have the potential capacity to hold memory for prior ...
... function of frequency over time ϕ(t ) = 0 2π f (τ )dτ . For the baseline oscillation with constant frequency f , this integration simply yields the baseline phase ϕ(t ) = 2π ft + ϕ(0). 4. Memory as phase angle Neural oscillations in single neurons have the potential capacity to hold memory for prior ...
The retrieval of perceptual memory details depends on right
... Moscovitch, 1997) and, more recently, the Transformation Hypothesis of memory consolidation (Winocur & Moscovitch, 2011; Winocur, Moscovitch, & Bontempi, 2010), both suggest that most memory loses contextual specificity over time, but that memories that retain their specificity and level of detail r ...
... Moscovitch, 1997) and, more recently, the Transformation Hypothesis of memory consolidation (Winocur & Moscovitch, 2011; Winocur, Moscovitch, & Bontempi, 2010), both suggest that most memory loses contextual specificity over time, but that memories that retain their specificity and level of detail r ...
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage
... years or more can occur after damage limited to the hippocampal formation. Findings from studies with experimental animals are consistent with the findings from amnesic patients. The present results substantiate the idea that severity of memory impairment is dependent on locus and extent of damage w ...
... years or more can occur after damage limited to the hippocampal formation. Findings from studies with experimental animals are consistent with the findings from amnesic patients. The present results substantiate the idea that severity of memory impairment is dependent on locus and extent of damage w ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... newborn neurons have been consistently found only in two privileged areas of the adult brain: the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus [48] and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles [2] (Fig. 1). Adult neurogenesis has been found in all mammals studied to ...
... newborn neurons have been consistently found only in two privileged areas of the adult brain: the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus [48] and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles [2] (Fig. 1). Adult neurogenesis has been found in all mammals studied to ...
The hippocampus of the eastern rock sengi:
... a single specimen of the black and rufous sengi (Rhynchocyon petersi), were grouped with other afrotherian and xenarthran species and suggested to express distributions observed early in mammalian cortical evolution (Sherwood et al., 2009). A survey of the eastern rock sengi serotonergic, catecholam ...
... a single specimen of the black and rufous sengi (Rhynchocyon petersi), were grouped with other afrotherian and xenarthran species and suggested to express distributions observed early in mammalian cortical evolution (Sherwood et al., 2009). A survey of the eastern rock sengi serotonergic, catecholam ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... In the present thesis, we have applied optogenetics to study these questions, a technology based on modified microbial membrane channels or pumps that are introduced into target neurons, which can thereafter be activated by light. This is a powerful means of achieving excitatory or inhibitory contro ...
... In the present thesis, we have applied optogenetics to study these questions, a technology based on modified microbial membrane channels or pumps that are introduced into target neurons, which can thereafter be activated by light. This is a powerful means of achieving excitatory or inhibitory contro ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... we will see in the next section, the rhinal cortices do more than merely relay synchronous activity between neocortex and hippocampus. Rather, they support a gating mechanism whose properties remain to be identified. In spite of the demonstration of well-defined reciprocal connections between tempor ...
... we will see in the next section, the rhinal cortices do more than merely relay synchronous activity between neocortex and hippocampus. Rather, they support a gating mechanism whose properties remain to be identified. In spite of the demonstration of well-defined reciprocal connections between tempor ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... subdivision, which is delineated based upon differential connectivity with the dentate gyrus. The mEC projects to the middle one-third of the molecular layer of dentate gyrus whereas the lateral entorhinal cortex (lEC) projects to the outer one-third (Figure 1) (Steward, 1976; Van Groen et al., 1993 ...
... subdivision, which is delineated based upon differential connectivity with the dentate gyrus. The mEC projects to the middle one-third of the molecular layer of dentate gyrus whereas the lateral entorhinal cortex (lEC) projects to the outer one-third (Figure 1) (Steward, 1976; Van Groen et al., 1993 ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... the dentate gyrus (DG) and hippocampal regions CA3 and CA1, as well as connections between the hippocampus and the septum via the fornix (which also contains connections with the mammillary bodies and anterior thalamus). Output from region CA1 reaches the postsubiculum (ps) which projects to entorhi ...
... the dentate gyrus (DG) and hippocampal regions CA3 and CA1, as well as connections between the hippocampus and the septum via the fornix (which also contains connections with the mammillary bodies and anterior thalamus). Output from region CA1 reaches the postsubiculum (ps) which projects to entorhi ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... molecules. The experience derived from the cortical cup experiments was transferred to microdialysis, and it has never been questioned that ACh detected in the dialysate originates from cholinergic nerve endings and its levels change in accordance to the activity of the cholinergic neurons. Moreover ...
... molecules. The experience derived from the cortical cup experiments was transferred to microdialysis, and it has never been questioned that ACh detected in the dialysate originates from cholinergic nerve endings and its levels change in accordance to the activity of the cholinergic neurons. Moreover ...
State of the art
... and allostatic load protect the body in the short run and promote adaptation by the process known as allostasis, but in the long run allostatic load causes changes in the body that can lead to disease. The brain is the key organ of stress, allostasis, and allostatic load, because it determines what ...
... and allostatic load protect the body in the short run and promote adaptation by the process known as allostasis, but in the long run allostatic load causes changes in the body that can lead to disease. The brain is the key organ of stress, allostasis, and allostatic load, because it determines what ...
Finally, the peak firing rate within any one place field of a single cell
... However, activity patterns in most areas of neocortex, including entorhinal cortex, appear to be much denser (involving a larger proportion of neurons at any given time), which is thought to be beneficial for generalization (McClelland et al., 1995), an important characteristic of the kind of repres ...
... However, activity patterns in most areas of neocortex, including entorhinal cortex, appear to be much denser (involving a larger proportion of neurons at any given time), which is thought to be beneficial for generalization (McClelland et al., 1995), an important characteristic of the kind of repres ...
Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, ""seahorse"" from ἵππος hippos, ""horse"" and κάμπος kampos, ""sea monster"") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex; and in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus.In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia—the inability to form and retain new memories.In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memory is stored in the brain.