Hippocampal contributions to language
... CHAPTER 1: SIGNIFICANCE AND SPECIFIC AIMS This thesis brings together the study of two quintessential human capacities, memory and language, by examining the role of the hippocampal declarative memory system (HDMS) in language processing and use. At the heart of this proposal is the idea that the sa ...
... CHAPTER 1: SIGNIFICANCE AND SPECIFIC AIMS This thesis brings together the study of two quintessential human capacities, memory and language, by examining the role of the hippocampal declarative memory system (HDMS) in language processing and use. At the heart of this proposal is the idea that the sa ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... recombinase. We confirmed the deletion the absence of detergent in the procedure. g, Western blot analysis of 1 integrin expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocamof 1 integrin gene by examining its pro- pus (hippo.) of wild-type (wt) and mutant (mt) animals. Relative expression levels of 1 i ...
... recombinase. We confirmed the deletion the absence of detergent in the procedure. g, Western blot analysis of 1 integrin expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocamof 1 integrin gene by examining its pro- pus (hippo.) of wild-type (wt) and mutant (mt) animals. Relative expression levels of 1 i ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... unknown, but neuroimaging studies suggest that hippocampal pathology is involved,14 specifically, atrophy of the CA1 region.15 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used animal model of MS. Like MS, EAE is characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration in the spin ...
... unknown, but neuroimaging studies suggest that hippocampal pathology is involved,14 specifically, atrophy of the CA1 region.15 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used animal model of MS. Like MS, EAE is characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration in the spin ...
A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial
... most other tracing protocols available, typically focusing on certain MTL areas (e.g., amygdala and/or hippocampus), the integrative perspective adopted by the present tracing guidelines allows for clear localization of all MTL subregions. By integrating information from a variety of sources, includ ...
... most other tracing protocols available, typically focusing on certain MTL areas (e.g., amygdala and/or hippocampus), the integrative perspective adopted by the present tracing guidelines allows for clear localization of all MTL subregions. By integrating information from a variety of sources, includ ...
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
... represents the free edge of the pallium, and the associated white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the ...
... represents the free edge of the pallium, and the associated white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... In humans, a common framework for understanding the role of the hippocampus in memory formation originated with neuropsychological studies in patients ([5]; for a review see [6]). This research demonstrated that the hippocampus supports a specialized system for creating episodic memories of everyday ...
... In humans, a common framework for understanding the role of the hippocampus in memory formation originated with neuropsychological studies in patients ([5]; for a review see [6]). This research demonstrated that the hippocampus supports a specialized system for creating episodic memories of everyday ...
Synaptic Targets of Medial Septal Projections in the Hippocampus
... Temporal coordination of neuronal assemblies among cortical areas is essential for behavioral performance. GABAergic projections from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity ...
... Temporal coordination of neuronal assemblies among cortical areas is essential for behavioral performance. GABAergic projections from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity ...
On the nature of medial temporal lobe contributions to the
... the future than about the past. Moreover, activity in a number of these MTL regions was modulated by temporal distance. Most of them showed the same neural response to temporal distance for both the past and future events: either increasing or decreasing activity with increasing temporal distance. T ...
... the future than about the past. Moreover, activity in a number of these MTL regions was modulated by temporal distance. Most of them showed the same neural response to temporal distance for both the past and future events: either increasing or decreasing activity with increasing temporal distance. T ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC electrode bundle was lowered by ⬃80 m to record a deeper site in the ACC. A total of 2–3 sites in the ventral portion of ACC were recorded from e ...
... A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC electrode bundle was lowered by ⬃80 m to record a deeper site in the ACC. A total of 2–3 sites in the ventral portion of ACC were recorded from e ...
Exposure to As-, Cd-, and Pb-Mixture Induces Ab, Amyloidogenic
... and recombinant Ab1-42 (1 lg in 5 ml PBS in each i.c.v.) with slight modification (Cetin et al., 2013; Colaianna et al., 2010) was bilaterally injected slowly with a 10-ll Hamilton syringe, once, at P90 in untreated rats, and dissected after 10 days. The vehicle control rats for these groups were tr ...
... and recombinant Ab1-42 (1 lg in 5 ml PBS in each i.c.v.) with slight modification (Cetin et al., 2013; Colaianna et al., 2010) was bilaterally injected slowly with a 10-ll Hamilton syringe, once, at P90 in untreated rats, and dissected after 10 days. The vehicle control rats for these groups were tr ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has distinct properties that would have differential functional influence ...
... be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has distinct properties that would have differential functional influence ...
Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine
... acid-heating reaction, as previously described.18 The samples were mixed with 1 mL of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 10% and 1 mL of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) 0.67% and were then heated in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. TBARS were determined by the absorbance at 535 nm. Oxidative damage to protein ...
... acid-heating reaction, as previously described.18 The samples were mixed with 1 mL of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 10% and 1 mL of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) 0.67% and were then heated in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. TBARS were determined by the absorbance at 535 nm. Oxidative damage to protein ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that experience-related changes in information processing functions can occur everywhere in the ...
... functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that experience-related changes in information processing functions can occur everywhere in the ...
Chronic stress prior to hippocampal stroke
... stress-dependent challenges before the ischemic insults, the primary purpose of this experiment was to determine whether a history of chronic stress and glucocorticoid elevations modulate dentate gyrus (DG) damage after hippocampal stroke. There have been two rationales for the present study to indu ...
... stress-dependent challenges before the ischemic insults, the primary purpose of this experiment was to determine whether a history of chronic stress and glucocorticoid elevations modulate dentate gyrus (DG) damage after hippocampal stroke. There have been two rationales for the present study to indu ...
Changes in GABA Modulation During a Theta Cycle May Be
... the effective temperature and the relative energy of data terms and constraints of an analog network. These results suggest that phasic changes in the activity of inhibitory interneurons during a theta cycle may produce dynamics that resemble annealing. These dynamics may underlie a role for the the ...
... the effective temperature and the relative energy of data terms and constraints of an analog network. These results suggest that phasic changes in the activity of inhibitory interneurons during a theta cycle may produce dynamics that resemble annealing. These dynamics may underlie a role for the the ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... Jones and Buhl (1993) observed sustained firing of up to 200 Hz in a small subset of layer II interneurons observed in an in vitro slice preparation. These cells have extensive axonal arbors that form basket-like complexes around stellate and pyramidal neurons in layer II. Wouterlood et al. (1995) d ...
... Jones and Buhl (1993) observed sustained firing of up to 200 Hz in a small subset of layer II interneurons observed in an in vitro slice preparation. These cells have extensive axonal arbors that form basket-like complexes around stellate and pyramidal neurons in layer II. Wouterlood et al. (1995) d ...
Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... Jones and Buhl (1993) observed sustained firing of up to 200 Hz in a small subset of layer II interneurons observed in an in vitro slice preparation. These cells have extensive axonal arbors that form basket-like complexes around stellate and pyramidal neurons in layer II. Wouterlood et al. (1995) d ...
... Jones and Buhl (1993) observed sustained firing of up to 200 Hz in a small subset of layer II interneurons observed in an in vitro slice preparation. These cells have extensive axonal arbors that form basket-like complexes around stellate and pyramidal neurons in layer II. Wouterlood et al. (1995) d ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... exposure to MDMA suppresses cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (Cho et al., 2007). There are some discrepancies in the effects of MDMA on the neuronal density, For example, some studies indicate that in Alzheimer’s disease and other chronic neurodegenerative disorders, MDMA (10 –50 mg/kg intrap ...
... exposure to MDMA suppresses cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (Cho et al., 2007). There are some discrepancies in the effects of MDMA on the neuronal density, For example, some studies indicate that in Alzheimer’s disease and other chronic neurodegenerative disorders, MDMA (10 –50 mg/kg intrap ...
Stress and Glucocorticoids Affect the Expression of Brain
... neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Leibrock et al., 1989), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) (Hohn et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990b), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) (Hallbrook et al., 1991). All these neurotrophic factors are expressed in high concentrations in the hippocampus as well as in other specific brain nuc ...
... neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Leibrock et al., 1989), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) (Hohn et al., 1990; Maisonpierre et al., 1990b), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) (Hallbrook et al., 1991). All these neurotrophic factors are expressed in high concentrations in the hippocampus as well as in other specific brain nuc ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... Jackson Black C-57 mice and TNF-KO on JB C-57 background mice were used in the study. The TNF-KO mice (Pasparakis et al., 1996) were generously provided by Professor George Kollias, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece. Absence of the TNFα gene was confirmed by ploymerase chain reaction (PCR) ...
... Jackson Black C-57 mice and TNF-KO on JB C-57 background mice were used in the study. The TNF-KO mice (Pasparakis et al., 1996) were generously provided by Professor George Kollias, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece. Absence of the TNFα gene was confirmed by ploymerase chain reaction (PCR) ...
Hasselmo M.E. (2007) Arc length coding by interference of
... CA3 of the hippocampus. However, data and modeling suggest an alternate mechanism for encoding of sequences in which interference between theta frequency oscillations encodes the position within a sequence based on spatial arc length or time. Arc length can be coded by an oscillatory interference mo ...
... CA3 of the hippocampus. However, data and modeling suggest an alternate mechanism for encoding of sequences in which interference between theta frequency oscillations encodes the position within a sequence based on spatial arc length or time. Arc length can be coded by an oscillatory interference mo ...
Naturally Occurring Fluctuation in Dendritic
... (located in the stratum lacunosum moleculare), and one was mad& from the lateralmost secondary dendrite on the basal tree (located in the stratum oriens). For dentate gyrus granule cells, one measurement was made from a secondary dendrite proximal to the cell body (located in the inner molecular lay ...
... (located in the stratum lacunosum moleculare), and one was mad& from the lateralmost secondary dendrite on the basal tree (located in the stratum oriens). For dentate gyrus granule cells, one measurement was made from a secondary dendrite proximal to the cell body (located in the inner molecular lay ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... the richest network of axonal projections in the rodent hippocampus, with collaterals and commissurals projecting bilaterally to both CA3 and CA1 principal cells as well as interneurons (Li et al. 1994; Witter and Amaral 2004). On the one hand, the dense and far-reaching arborization of CA3 pyramida ...
... the richest network of axonal projections in the rodent hippocampus, with collaterals and commissurals projecting bilaterally to both CA3 and CA1 principal cells as well as interneurons (Li et al. 1994; Witter and Amaral 2004). On the one hand, the dense and far-reaching arborization of CA3 pyramida ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... Fig. 3. The representative images of TRM and control hippocampus showing DAB‑stained SST. (A) The distribution of SST is observed in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and the hilus. Two each of the representative neurons which have positive or negative immuno‑signals was pointed out by arrow and arrowheads respe ...
... Fig. 3. The representative images of TRM and control hippocampus showing DAB‑stained SST. (A) The distribution of SST is observed in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and the hilus. Two each of the representative neurons which have positive or negative immuno‑signals was pointed out by arrow and arrowheads respe ...
Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, ""seahorse"" from ἵππος hippos, ""horse"" and κάμπος kampos, ""sea monster"") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex; and in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus.In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia—the inability to form and retain new memories.In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memory is stored in the brain.