Hormones of the Gut
... Cholecystokinin (CCK) • 1928: Fat in small intestine stimulates the gall bladder to contract--cholecystokinin. • 1940s: Extract of duodenal mucosa stimulates pancreas to secrete enzymes-pancreozymin. • 1964-8: Purification of a single substance that stimulated both contraction of the gall bladder a ...
... Cholecystokinin (CCK) • 1928: Fat in small intestine stimulates the gall bladder to contract--cholecystokinin. • 1940s: Extract of duodenal mucosa stimulates pancreas to secrete enzymes-pancreozymin. • 1964-8: Purification of a single substance that stimulated both contraction of the gall bladder a ...
Cellular Respiration
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
Cellular Respiration
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
Cellular Respiration PowerPoint
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
... In this case study, students learn about the function of cellular respiration and the electron transport chain and what happens when that function is impaired. Students play the role of medical examiner as they analyze the autopsy results to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths of these seve ...
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans
... and specific task of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. While most people simply assume that their GI tract will work properly to use nutrients, provide energy, and release wastes, few nonscientists know the details about how various nutrients are digested and how the breakdown products traverse the ...
... and specific task of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. While most people simply assume that their GI tract will work properly to use nutrients, provide energy, and release wastes, few nonscientists know the details about how various nutrients are digested and how the breakdown products traverse the ...
Energy Substrate Metabolism in - Journal of Clinical Investigation
... became rate limiting in long-chain fatty acid incorporation into platelet lecithin at the lowered osmolarity. Addition of (-)-carnitine to the medium, which prevented the marked inhibition of oleate oxidation at 200 mOsm, also prevented the rise in the rate of lecithin-14C synthesis. Thus, exogenous ...
... became rate limiting in long-chain fatty acid incorporation into platelet lecithin at the lowered osmolarity. Addition of (-)-carnitine to the medium, which prevented the marked inhibition of oleate oxidation at 200 mOsm, also prevented the rise in the rate of lecithin-14C synthesis. Thus, exogenous ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
Amino Acids
... L-Lysine: L-Lysine, an essential amino acid, is needed to support proper growth and bone development. It can also support immune function. N-Acetyl Cysteine: N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a form of the amino acid cysteine. NAC is used in the body to make glutathione peroxidase - one of the body’s most ...
... L-Lysine: L-Lysine, an essential amino acid, is needed to support proper growth and bone development. It can also support immune function. N-Acetyl Cysteine: N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a form of the amino acid cysteine. NAC is used in the body to make glutathione peroxidase - one of the body’s most ...
Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
... What makes organic compounds ubiquitous is the chemistry of their carbon core. Recall that carbon atoms have four electrons in their valence shell, and that the octet rule dictates that atoms tend to react in such a way as to complete their valence shell with eight electrons. Carbon atoms do not com ...
... What makes organic compounds ubiquitous is the chemistry of their carbon core. Recall that carbon atoms have four electrons in their valence shell, and that the octet rule dictates that atoms tend to react in such a way as to complete their valence shell with eight electrons. Carbon atoms do not com ...
View PDF
... • NADH and FADH2 (from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... • NADH and FADH2 (from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Mass Rearing of Juvenile Fish
... by Fyhn (1989) that free amino acids are an important energy source during the embryonic development of marine fish. The larvae fed a diet with 10% amino acid substitute had a similar survival rate to the control group, while those fed diets with 15 and 20% substitute had a much lower survival rate ...
... by Fyhn (1989) that free amino acids are an important energy source during the embryonic development of marine fish. The larvae fed a diet with 10% amino acid substitute had a similar survival rate to the control group, while those fed diets with 15 and 20% substitute had a much lower survival rate ...
Slide 1
... Amino-acids that are degraded to pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl coA, fumarate or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino-acids. Net synthesis of glucose is possible because TCA cycle intermediates and Pyruvate can be be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate and then into Glucoce (Gluconeogenesis) ...
... Amino-acids that are degraded to pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl coA, fumarate or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino-acids. Net synthesis of glucose is possible because TCA cycle intermediates and Pyruvate can be be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate and then into Glucoce (Gluconeogenesis) ...
SECTION 3.10 Urine Dipstick - Chem 10
... The Diagnostic Strips for Urinalysis Chem 10 using Bayer Multistix are firm plastic strips to which are affixed several separate reagent areas. These tests may provide information regarding the status of carbohydrate metabolism, kidney and liver function, acid-base balance, and urinary tract infecti ...
... The Diagnostic Strips for Urinalysis Chem 10 using Bayer Multistix are firm plastic strips to which are affixed several separate reagent areas. These tests may provide information regarding the status of carbohydrate metabolism, kidney and liver function, acid-base balance, and urinary tract infecti ...
Intracerebral Microdialysis of Extracellular Amino Acids in the
... amino acids were detected in relation to the spon taneous as well as the electrically induced seizures. Aspartate displayed the largest increases ranging from 1. 3 to 79. 0 times the basal levels. Glutamate increased between 1. 8 and 16. 2, serine between 1.5 and 8. 8, and glycine between 1.4 and 2 ...
... amino acids were detected in relation to the spon taneous as well as the electrically induced seizures. Aspartate displayed the largest increases ranging from 1. 3 to 79. 0 times the basal levels. Glutamate increased between 1. 8 and 16. 2, serine between 1.5 and 8. 8, and glycine between 1.4 and 2 ...
幻灯片 1
... biosynthesis. It is made in two steps, the first of which is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA in the cytosol to form malonyl CoA . The carboxylation reaction is catalyzed by the biotin- dependent enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase using a mechanism similar to the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase ...
... biosynthesis. It is made in two steps, the first of which is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA in the cytosol to form malonyl CoA . The carboxylation reaction is catalyzed by the biotin- dependent enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase using a mechanism similar to the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase ...
Chapter 9
... Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way. • The enzyme that catalyzes the third step, phosphofructokinase (PFK), is an allosteric enzyme. It inhibits glycolysis when the cell has enough ATP and does not need to produce any more. ...
... Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way. • The enzyme that catalyzes the third step, phosphofructokinase (PFK), is an allosteric enzyme. It inhibits glycolysis when the cell has enough ATP and does not need to produce any more. ...
Energy - Exercise Sciences!
... membrane transport mechanisms, and changes in substrate availability (a) Enzymes—inactivate rate limiting enzymes (b) Membranes—affect carriers in membrane or permeability of the membrane (c) Substrate—glycogen breakdown to glucose is slowed and fatty acid utilization is decreased. Use of phosphocre ...
... membrane transport mechanisms, and changes in substrate availability (a) Enzymes—inactivate rate limiting enzymes (b) Membranes—affect carriers in membrane or permeability of the membrane (c) Substrate—glycogen breakdown to glucose is slowed and fatty acid utilization is decreased. Use of phosphocre ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... hydroxyl group of a specific tyrosine to the C1 of the first glucose residue at the reducing end of the chain ...
... hydroxyl group of a specific tyrosine to the C1 of the first glucose residue at the reducing end of the chain ...
Energy Metabolism of the Performance Horse. In
... reported that those endurance horses with a greater depletion of muscle glycogen stores and a lower reduction of muscle triglycerides were among the best during a 50 km ride compared to those horses that finished the competition at lower speeds (Table 6). The largest store of triglycerides is the ad ...
... reported that those endurance horses with a greater depletion of muscle glycogen stores and a lower reduction of muscle triglycerides were among the best during a 50 km ride compared to those horses that finished the competition at lower speeds (Table 6). The largest store of triglycerides is the ad ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.