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Angular momentum
Angular momentum

... Let us assume that the operators (Lx , Ly , Lz ) ≡ L which represent the components of orbital angular momentum in quantum mechanics can be defined in an analogous manner to the corresponding components of classical angular momentum. In other words, we are going to assume that the above equations sp ...
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... that electrons carry a 'spin', or intrinsic magnetic moment,apart from their orbital moment. Around that time, too, Pauli suggested his 'exclusion principle': two electrons in an atom cannot have all their quantum numbers the same, and if they occupy the same orbital, they must have different spin. ...
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Hydrogen atom



A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen. The electrically neutral atom contains a single positively charged proton and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force. Atomic hydrogen constitutes about 75% of the elemental (baryonic) mass of the universe.In everyday life on Earth, isolated hydrogen atoms (usually called ""atomic hydrogen"" or, more precisely, ""monatomic hydrogen"") are extremely rare. Instead, hydrogen tends to combine with other atoms in compounds, or with itself to form ordinary (diatomic) hydrogen gas, H2. ""Atomic hydrogen"" and ""hydrogen atom"" in ordinary English use have overlapping, yet distinct, meanings. For example, a water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms, but does not contain atomic hydrogen (which would refer to isolated hydrogen atoms).
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