Download NOUNS: Nouns name a person, place, thing, idea, animal, quality

NOUNS:
Nouns name a person, place, thing, idea, animal, quality, or action. The words a, an, and the signal that a noun
is coming. (A chair, the dog, an apple)
Here are a few nouns: dog, cats, women, Sally, justice, strength, departure, apples, England, Califonia,
Steve Young, mice, school, beach, kindness, food
***Nouns can be made into plural nouns by adding -s
tree--------> trees
house------> houses
color-------> colors
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Nouns used in sentences are below:
1. Judy and Chad made a cake.
("Judy" and "Chad" are people, and "cake" is a thing. ***did you notice "cake" had the word "a" in front of it?
That tells you that "cake" is a noun)
2. The moon is far away from the earth.
("moon" and "earth" are places, and they both had the word "the" in front of them, so that tells you a noun is
coming)
3. His kindness was appreciated.
("kindness" is an idea, therefore, it's a noun)
4. The plane will depart in twenty minutes.
("plane" is a thing and has the signal "the" in front of it; "minutes" is an idea)
PRONOUNS:
Pronouns are used instead of a noun in a sentence. They act exactly like nouns. So, instead of saying "Bob went
fishing", you could say "He went fishing".
Here are some commonly used pronouns: I, me, my, mine, myself, you, your, ours, yourself, he, him, his,
she, her, hers, it, its, we, us, our, they, them, their, this, these, who, whom, whose, which, that, one, ones,
everybody, anyone
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Let's see pronouns in some sentences:
1. They went to the store.
("they" is the subject. Who went to the store? THEY did)
2. Bob gave the dog to her.
("her" tells who. Who did Bob give the dog too? HER)
3. She thought the test was on Tuesday.
("She" is the subject. Who thought the test was on Tuesday? SHE did)
4. That dog is mine.
("mine" tells who's dog it is. Who's dog is it? MINE)
ADJECTIVES:
Adjectives describe a noun or pronoun. They usually appear immediately before the word they describe. They
answer the questions "Which one?", "What kind?", and "How many?"
For example: shy, sleepy, cute, famous, historic, three, young, old, good, bad, green, blue, funny, loud,
cold, sick, proud, warm, this, that
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Here's some sentences using adjectives (the adjectives are highlighted):
1. The brown dog slept until Tuesday.
(this uses the question "which one?" Which dog slept until Tuesday? the BROWN dog)
2. The cold and wet snow was all over Suzzy's jacket.
("What kind" of snow was on Suzzy's jacket? COLD and WET snow. Which jacket was it? SUZZY'S)
3. A big, red truck is stuck in the muddy road.
(Which truck? the BIG, RED one. "What kind" of road is it? a MUDDY road)
4. Four people went to the small meeting.
("How many" people went to the meeting? FOUR. "What kind" of meeting was it? a SMALL meeting)
All of these highlighted words describe something. They tell you more about the word they modify. Without
them, sentences would be boring and wouldn't give you a good description or picture of what's going on.
For example, if sentence 3 were written without adjectives, it would say "A truck is stuck in the road." Without
saying the truck is big and red and that the road is muddy, the sentence lacks interest and is rather boring. That's
why the sentence "A big, red truck is stuck in the muddy road" is much better.
VERBS:
Verbs show action, occurrence, or existence. They indicate number, person, tense, voice, and mood.
There are MANY verbs, here's just a few: write, look, show, ask, run, taking, walking, playing, throw, sit,
see, go, be, are, is, was, were, been, being, am, have, has, had, will, may
***Remember, verbs show action.
***If a word ends in -ing, there's a good chance it's a verb.
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Let's identify the verbs in the following sentences:
1. We are hungry.
("are" shows action. It wouldn't make much sense to just say "We hungry", so the verb "are" needs to be added
to help the sentence make more sense)
2. The dog barks at strangers.
("barks" shows action. What does the dog do to strangers? It BARKS)
3. We are going to the movies.
("are going" shows action. The -ing ending in "going" tells you it's probably a verb.)
4. The babysitter watches the children.
("watches" shows action. What does the babysitter do? WATCHES the children)
ADVERBS:
Adverbs describe a verb, adjective or another adverb. They tell how and when. (Hint: Almost all words that end
in -ly are adverbs)
Here are a few adverbs: rarely, soon, very, too, never, practically, nearly, always, clearly, almost, honestly,
slowly, closely
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Here's some sentences to help you better understand where an adverb is used: (the adverbs are highlighted)
1. John wrote his name clearly on his test.
("clearly" describes the verb "wrote"; how did John write his name?------CLEARLY)
2. The dog quickly ate all of the cake.
("quickly" describes the verb "ate"; how did the dog eat the cake?------QUICKLY)
3. After the game, coach was too angry to talk.
("too" describes the adjective "angry"; how angry was the coach?------TOO angry)
4. Jamie never told a lie.
("never" describes the verb "told"; when did Jamie lie?------NEVER)
PREPOSITIONS:
Prepositions link and relate a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence. They tell how, where, when, and
how something happens.
****One easy way to tell if a word is a preposition, which almost always works, is to say, "The squirrel went
_______ the woodpile."
Here are some examples to help you out:
about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside,
besides, between, beyond, but, by, concerning, despite, down, during, except, excepting, for, from, in,
inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, regarding, round, since, through,
throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without
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Here's some sentences with the prepositions highlighted:
1. The man went into the house.
("into" connects "went" and "house". It tells where the man went.....INTO the house. "The squirrel went into the
woodpile.")
2. John hid under his bed.
("under" connects "hid" and "bed". It tells where John went.....UNDER his bed. "The squirrel went under the
woodpile.")
3. Before class, Bill ate a cookie.
("before" connects "ate" and "before". When did Bill eat the cookie? BEFORE class)
4. Since Christmas, Rachael has been happy.
("since" connects "Christmas" and "has been". When has Rachael been happy? SINCE Christmas)
CONJUNCTIONS:
Conjunctions are connectors. They connect things like words and sentences.
Some conjunctions are: and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet, both-and, either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also,
whether-or, because, if, since, until, when, where, while
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Let's use some conjunctions, and see if you can spot them. (They're highlighted)
1. Sue and Bob went to the store. ("and" connects Sue with Bob)
2. It hasn't rained, so Joe is going fishing. ("so" connects the sentence "It hasn't rained", and the sentence "Joe is
going fishing")
3. Is Hannah or Nancy going on the trip? ("or" connects Hannah with Nancy)
4. Both Cindy and Wendy are watching a movie. (the conjunction "both-and" tells you that Cindy and Wendy
are each watching a movie)
INTERJECTIONS:
Interjections are exclamations--attention getters. They're used to make someone notice them and to show
excitement. They are usually followed by and exclamation point (!) or sometimes a comma.
Here are a few interjections (these are only common ones, many others could be included): wow, ouch, oops,
hey, watch, oh, yes, no, move, stop, help
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Here's some sentences. Can you spot the interjections?
1. Ouch! Stop pinching me.
2. Yes, she did win the game.
3. Wow! That's a surprise.
4. Oh, you're going too?
Were those easy to recognize? Remember, most interjections are followed by an exclaimatin point, and almost
all are located at the beginning of a sentence.