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Lecture Presentation Outline
I.
You Need a Good Diet
 Instructor Resources: Unit 31 Nutrition Scoreboard transparency master; Unit 31 PowerPoint
presentation on Multimedia Manager
A. Good diet helps you feel healthy and vigorous
B. Adults who eat well have chronic diseases at older ages, and live longer
1. Causes of diseases unrelated to aging
2. High saturated fat, low vegetables and fruits, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, excessive
stress, other bad habits contribute
C. Maintaining health in aging is important concern
II. The Age Wave
A. People 65 and older increasing
1. By 2050, 20% will be 65 years of age or older
2. Since 1900, life expectancy at birth has increased by 63%, from 47.3 to 77.2years
B. U.S. ranks fourteenth in life expectancy world-wide
C. Life expectancy varies by sex and race
1. African American men have shortest life expectancy, followed by Caucasian men
2. Life expectancy for females exceeds that for males
a. Gender difference related to behaviors
b. Males smoke more, use alcoholic beverages more, pay less attention to diet, and seek
medical care less often
D. Gains in Life Expectancy
1. Gains attributable to:
a. Decreased infant deaths
b. Decreased deaths from infectious disease
c. Improved nutrition
d. Improved medical advances
2. In 1900, 1 out of 10 newborns died in first year of life, now less than 1 in 100
3. Vaccines to prevent common infectious diseases reduced infant and child deaths
4. Medical treatments and surgery added five years to overall life expectancy
E. Genetic Effects
1. Children of long-lived parents have longer life expectancy than children of short-lived
parents
2. People with genetic traits affecting HDL- and LDL- cholesterol tend to live longer
3. Environmental factors are also important
III. Diet and Life Expectancy
A. Characteristics of diets of adults and older people who experience low disease rates and
increased longevity include:
1. Regular consumption of vegetables and fruits
2. Above average intake of whole grain products
3. Lower consumption of saturated fats
4. Alcohol in moderation
5. Eating breakfast
B. Physical activity also contributes to life
C. Calories and Longevity
 Instructor Resources: ABC video clip on Multimedia Manager: Restricted Calorie Diets (2:34)
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Animals fed 30% less calories and adequate nutrients have increased life expectancies
Health effects of starvation results don’t apply
a. People who live longest have normal weights
b. Life expectancy decreases as body weight decreases below, or increases above normal
Nutrition Issues for Adults
Diseases related to poor diets most likely during older adult years
Diseases related to behavioral traits also increase with age
Poor diets, risky lifestyle behaviors, and biological aging increase the rates of serious illness during
adulthood
A. Chronic Disease
 Instructor Resources: transparency #11: Top 10 Causes of Death in the U.S. (2001)
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Correcting obesity and stabilizing weight may lengthen life expectancy
Keeping Dietary Guidelines for Americans means decreased death rates in women at age 60
Vitamins C and E and folic acid may protect against decline in cognitive function and
Alzheimer’s disease
4. Adequate calcium and vitamin D and physical activity prevent osteoporosis
5. High fruits and vegetables delay or prevent cancers, heart disease, stroke, cataracts
6. Health status of adults not “fixed” by age
a. Can change for better or worse
B. Nutrient Needs Older Adults
1. Need for calories declines with age as physical activity, muscle mass, and basal metabolic
rate decrease
a. People physically active in older years maintain muscle mass
2. Protein, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and calcium needs increase with aging
a. 15% of older adults in U.S. deficient in vitamin D
3. Fluid Needs
a. Older people don’t get thirsty, so become dehydrated
b. A million elderly into hospitals each year due to dehydration
c. Fluid needs met through water, juices, teas, and other beverages
C. Taste Change with Age
1. Taste sensitivity diminishes with age, but impact is slight
2. Sight, smell, and hearing senses decline more than taste
3. Taste and smell affected by medications and surgeries
D. Nutrition-Related Problems for Older Adults
 Instructor Resources: Activities 31-1: Case Study of the Elderly & 31-2: Case Study on Living Alone
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Adequate and balanced diet not easy when
a. Someone else takes you shopping
b. Mealtimes have no social life
c. You “don’t feel up” to making a meal
2. Isolation, loneliness, depression, and poor health are major contributors to poor diets
3. Diets lack nutrients because older adults do not consume enough nutrients
E. Eating Right in Older Years
 Instructor Resources: transparency #78: Food Guide Pyramid for Adults Over 70
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Best diet for adults contains variety of basic foods
Balanced and adequate diet obtained by selecting foods from basic food groups
a. Select judiciously, as not all foods are equally desirable
b. Choices emphasize foods that are low in saturated and trans fat, and sodium, and high in
fiber
c. Vegetables, fruits, low-fat dairy products, and whole grains
Healthy diets common among adults of all ages
Food choices and intake change throughout life, should be for the better