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Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction To be used with Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction PowerPoint by Gaccione Cell Reproduction is important when our bodies _____ or when certain cells need ____________. Cell type ___Life span (days) Brain _____________________ Red blood _________________ Platelets Stomach lining ________________ Liver _________________ Intestine lining ___________________ Skin _________________ Stem Cells cells taken from an early stage ___________ that can differentiate (change into different cells) Chromatin-Chromatid-Chromosome Genetic material – contains _______ Chromatin Chromatid 1. DNA stands 1. Coiled _________ 2.___________& ____________ The Cell Cycle consists of two parts: Chromosome 1.Replicated _______ _____________ Below draw the cell cycle: __________________ & ______________. 1 The Cell Cycle - IPMAT _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Interphase Interphase is the first phase in the cell cycle. It is the growth & preparation phase. About _____ % of the cell cycle is in Interphase ________ of 16 hours. Below draw the cell cycle clock: 1. G1 is the 1st phase of Interphase. What happens? 2. S is the 2nd phase of Interphase. What happens? 3. G2 is the third phase of Interphase. What happens? Chromatin is immature ____________. Chromatin looks like ____________ & _________. __________ __________ __________ 2 Mitosis Mitosis is the second part of the ________ ________ and is a type of cell division that results in _____ ____________ daughter cells. The chromosome number in the ____________ cell is the same as in the _________. Humans have ____ chromosomes in each parent cell – their daughter cells will have ____ chromosomes. Mitosis is also called asexual reproduction or _______________ _______ __________. Organism Chromosome numbers_ Human ______________ Chimpanzee ___________________ Dog ______________ Fruit fly ______________ Garden pea _________________________ Adder’s fern ___________________ Each organism has a specific chromosome number. Is the chromosome number related to the complexity of the organism??? _________ _ Phase 1 - Prophase What four events take place during the 1st stage of Mitosis: Prophase? 1. _____________ begin to separate 2.______________ are connected by ____________ __________ . 3._____________ _____________disappears 4. chromosomes appear _________ and become __________________ Chromosome Structure Define chromatid: is one ___________strand of a chromosome. two _______________ = one chromosome Define centromere: holds the ______________ together 3 Below label the chromosome: Chromatid, centromere & chromosome Phase 2 - Metaphase What three events take place during the 2nd Stage of Mitosis: Metaphase? 1. ____________ move to opposite poles of the cell connected by the ________ _______. 2. each ______________ moves to the __________ of a cell along one spindle fiber. 4. the___________________ attaches to the a specific spindle fiber. Phase 3 - Anaphase What five events take place during the 3rd Stage of Mitosis: Anaphase? 1. cell is _____ shape 2. centromeres replicate & _________ 3. ______________ separate 4. cytoplasmic division begins 5. _______ _______________ begins to pinch in 4 Phase - Telophase What five events take place during the 4th Stage of Mitosis: Telophase? 1. cell shape is figure 8 2. _______________ _______________ disappear 3. _________________ ____________ reforms around 2 new nuclei 4. centrioles replicate in late telophase 5. cell division occurs in late telophase Cytokenesis is known as complete ________ ____________. 5 The Cell Cycle Name:____________________________ Use this word bank to label the diagram below: Hint: number 7 is only pointing to one strand. number 9 is pointing to 2 strands & the centromere interphase telophase metaphase anaphase prophase chromosome centromere(2) centrioles chromatin chromatid cytokenesis spindle fibers nucleolus nuclear membrane reappearing nucleus centrioles separating disappearing nucleus questions: list all of the letters pertaining to mitosis ________________________ list all of the letters pertaining to cell cycle ________________________ 6 How does mitosis differ in plants? 1. No ________________ in plant cells. 2. Plant cell do not _____________ in half, they form a cell _________ between 2 daughter cells. Summary of Mitosis: 1. The _________ ______________ number is retained from generation to generation 2. Each__________ cell receives an exact copy of the chromosomes of the ______ cell 3. Mutations are rare Cancer: is ____________ cellular mitotic divisions Causes of cancer: 1. Environment influences 2. 3. 4. Radiation Prevention of cancer: 1. 2. Methods of Asexual Reproduction Define Binary Fission: What are the results of binary fission? _______________________ ______________________________________________________ What are three examples of organisms who reproduce this way? 1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________ 3. ________________________________ 7 Define Budding: What are three examples of organisms who reproduce this way? 1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________ 3. ________________________________ What organism is in the above picture? 8 Another method of Asexual Reproduction is called Sporulation. What is this? ________________________________________________________________ What is an example? ______________________________________________ What are spores? _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Define Regeneration: What is an example? __________________________________ What organisms have greater regeneration powers? Invertebrates or vertebrates Define Vegetative Propagation: What can develop from just part of the original plant? ________________________________________________________________ What is an example? ______________________________ 9