Download Reading Guide Chapter 6e_Y_2008-2009c-notes

Chapter 6
Test Review / Reading Guide
Essential Questions:
1. What do foundation myths tell us about Roman culture?
2. What was behind the drive for expansion?
3. How did people who value democracy move to
dictatorship?
4. How were classes divided and manipulated?
5. What were the perspectives of conqueror and
conquered?
6. What might modern leaders learn from the rise and fall
of Ancient Rome?
Study Guide:
 If the heading here says “skip” do not worry at all about
this.
 If the heading here says “light” worry only about the
biggest of big pictures. In other words, take the key
words here, use logic to extent the key work into a
complete thought, and that is what you need.
 If the heading here says “important,” know it well. Know
both what is in the textbook, and what is in the
Touchstone handout on this topic.
 Know the ideas and people (but not necessarily all the
dates) in the touchstone handouts.
 Know the questions and answers we create together in
class today.
Reading Guide Chapter 6, pages 172-193
Instructions for “Fill In the Outline” assignment:
As we discussed in class, following is an outline of the material
to be covered on your test. I indicate how important each
section is. Fill in the relevant detail. Fill in key ideas, using the
guides described above as to how much detail to remember in
each section.
Prehistoric Italy
o skip
The Etruscans
o light .
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Royal Rome
o light

Government
o King
 Do what kings do
 Eventually thrown out
o Senate
 Patricians who advisors to kings
o Curiate assembly (Plebian Assembly)

Family
o important.
o Father was head;
o Men get education
o Father enforced rules
o Patriarch held supreme control


Could adopt a smart son to help
Extended families.

Clientage (ALSO KNOWN AS PATRONAGE)
o important.
o Bribery:
 Patrons pay clients (often Patrician,
sometimes Plebian):
 Money, food, help, business
support
 Clients do for patrons
 Vote the way patrons want you
to

Patricians and Plebians
o important.
o Patrician
 Had control, superior
 Could be in the Senate
 Have to be born to it (at first)
 Likely to be patrons
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o Plebians
 Lower class:
 Poor, laborers, artisans,
dependants
 Likely to be clients*
 Access to the lower Curiate or
Plebian assembly
The Republic
o 2nd of the 3 periods in Rome:
o Kings are out, elected Senate is in,
o Emperors are yet to come

Constitution
o Unwritten collection of laws and customs..
Consuls
o
o
o
o
2 elected at a time for 1 year;
Served as president / commander in chief
.
Other officers:
 Proconsul -- don’t worry
 Censor -- don’t worry
Senate and Assembly
o Skip this paragraph
Struggle of the Orders
o . important.
o Plebians did not like being excluded from
the Senate.
o Made plebian assembly
o 287 BCE laws by Plebians binding on
Patricians (which before was not the case)
o Tribune: new office,
 leader of the Plebian assembly
 Veto legislation by the Senate

Conquest of Italy
o .light
Initial Expansion and Gallic Invasion
o .Rome took over everything around it.
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Roman Policy Toward the Conquered
Allowed captured towns to enjoy Roman rights
If rebel, will get killed.

Rome and Carthage
o important.
o Major countries fight to control Mediteranian
First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
o R wanted get Sicily: grain, trade, defense
o C wanted keep Sicily same reasons
 Local conflict on Sicily, each side sent
to R & C for help
 Resulted R & C big fight, R wins
 R had never needed navy before
Second Punic War (218-202 BCE)
o .End of 1st, R cheats on treaty: taking
Corsica & Sardinia w/o permission.
o C pissed and invades.
The New Imperial System
o .skip.

The Republic’s Conquest of the Hellenistic World
The East
o skip
The West
o skip
Civilization in the Early Roman Republic: Greek
Influence
o

skip
Religion
o . very, very light
 Roman religion influendced by
Greeks:
 Most gods came from the greeks
 Very particular w/ their gods
 Would Not have new foreign
gods, only old ones
 Education:
 Vital part of their life
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





Girls: unsure of their
education (upper calass girls)
home schooled like booys
Boys: fathers taught them,
learned the 112 tables, also
learned farming, math, reading
greek writing
12 tables established law in
written form
Influenced by greek, ite
teacher brough philosophy,
etc.
First read
Education
o light
Roman Imperialism
o .light

Aftermath of Conquest
o .fight between rich and poor over captured
land
o

The Gracchi
o Important
o These are the guys I talked about and wrote
all over the board about -- “How did the
problems and attempted solutions 100 years
before Julius Caesar create the
opportunities for dictators to take power.”
That whole thing, including review question
4 from page 205, are fair game

Marius and Sulla
o Important
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
War Against the Italian Allies (90-88 BCE)
o Very light: From time to time, Rome had to
kill a bunch of people to keep the provinces
from revolting

Sulla’s Dictatorship
o Light -- know this: After becoming emperor,
tried to restore functioning senate.
The Fall of the Republic

o . important.
Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar
o important.
 All 3 were feared by Senate.
o Pompey = military hero; Senate feared him;
S gave P power to raise large army; P took
control in Asia Minor, retired only wanting
respect and good pay for former soliders.
o Crassus = wealthy & influential but, not
liked; $ from slave trade, fire fighting; allied
w/ more popular people
o Caesar= military hero & clever, opportunity
to gain fame equal to P when appointed
governor of Gaul
o All mad at Senate
 Pompey: because Senate didn’t pay
his soldiers and embrace his vision
for new provinces in Asia Minor
 Caesar: because Senate didn’t
properly fund his exploits in Gaul or
give him the honor they gave Pompey
 Crassus: because Pompey had
stolen his glory from earlier battles,
and was mad because people looked
down at him.

The First Triumvirate
o important.
o 3 seek private goals, which undermine
republic.

Dictatorship of Julius Caesar
o important. – tells how triumvirate fell apart
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o .
o .
o

Second Triumvirate and the Emergence of
Octavian
o important.
o .
o
.
o
The Augustan Principate
Read this entire section carefully. Big idea is that
Augusts will try to consolidate power, and avoid the
mistakes that resulted in Julius Caesar getting killed.

Administration
o important.

The Army and Defense
o important.

Religion and Morality
o important.
Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages

The Late Republic
o Cicero quick
o Law careful
 Important, but kind of confusing. Just
get the big ideas, here:
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
o Poetry quick

The Age of Augusts With all the artists / poets, just
get a general feel. Don’t try to remember all
details. With document and history, dive deep.
o Virgil quick
o Horace quick
o Ovid quick
o Document “An Ideal Woman” careful this
ties into one of our guiding questions,
“What were key Roman values?”
o History careful
 important.
o Architecture and Sculpture quick

Peace and Prosperity: Imperial Rome (14-180
C.E.) Skip
 Administration of the Empire
Read this really, really, closely. It tells the key story.
o important.
 Culture of the Early Empire
Skim fast, except the Graffiti section. It’s fun.
o Literature
o Architecture
o Document “Daily Life in a Roman Provincial
Town: Graffiti”
o Society
 Life in Imperial Rome: The Apartment House
Read medium close.
Stop after this
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