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Quarter 3 Study Guide
Name: ___________________________ Date: ________________ Period: _________________
Describing Matter
Key Terms:
1. Matter
2. Heterogeneous mixture
3. Homogeneous mixture
4. Solution
5. Chemistry
Measuring Matter
Key Terms:
1. Volume
2. Density
Changes in Matter
Key Terms:
1. Physical change
2. Chemical change
3. Endothermic reaction
4. Exothermic reaction
States of Matter
Key Terms:
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Key Terms:
1. Newton’s 1st Law
2. Newton’s 2nd Law
3. Newton’s 3rd law
Introduction to Atoms
Key Terms:
1. Atom
2. Electron
3. Nucleus
4. Proton
5. Neutron
Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Key Terms:
1. Valence electron
2. Electron dot diagram
3. Chemical bond
Chemical Bonds
Key Terms:
1. Ionic bond
2. Covalent bond
Describing Chemical Reactions
Key Terms:
1. Reactant
2. Product
Understanding Solutions
Key Terms:
1. Solution
2. Solvent
3. Solute
4. Colloid
5. Suspension
What is Life?
Key Concepts:
1. All living things have a cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy,
respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce.
2. Living things arise from living things through reproduction.
3. All living things must satisfy their basic needs for water, food, living space, and stable
internal conditions.
Key Terms:
1. Organism
2. Cell
3. Unicellular
4. Multicellular
5. Stimulus
6. Response
7. Development
8. Spontaneous generation
9. Autotroph
10. Heterotroph
11. Homeostasis
Classifying Organisms
Key Concepts:
1. Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms
are easier to study.
2. The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they
have in common.
3. Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability
to make food, and the number of cells in their bodies.
Key Terms:
1. Classification
2. Taxonomy
3. Binomial nomenclature
4. Genus
5. Species
6. Prokaryote
7. Nucleus
8. Eukaryote
Discovering Cells
Key Concepts:
1. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
2. The cell theory states the following: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the
basic units of structure and function in living things. All cells are produced from other
cells.
3. The invention of the microscope enabled people to learn about cells. Light microscopes
magnify an object by bending light. Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light.
Key Terms:
1. Cell
2. Microscope
3. Cell theory
Looking Inside Cells
Key Concepts:
1. A plant’s cell wall protects and supports the cell. The cell membrane controls what
substances come into and out of a cell.
2. The nucleus directs the cell’s activities.
3. Mitochondria convert energy in food molecules to energy the can use.
4. The endoplasmic reticulum carries materials throughout the cell. Ribosomes produce
proteins.
5. The Golgi Bodies receive materials, package them, and distribute them.
6. Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
Vacuoles are the storage areas of cells.
7. Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell.
8. In many-celled organisms, cells are often organized into tissues, organs, and organ
systems.
Key Terms:
1. Organelle
2. Cell wall
3. Cell membrane
4. Cytoplasm
5. Mitochondria
6. Endoplasmic reticulum
7. Ribosome
8. Golgi body
9. Chloroplast
10. Vacuole
11. Lysosome
Chemical Compounds in Cells
Key Concepts:
1. An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound.
2. Most chemical reactions in cells could not take place without water.
3. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important groups of organic
compounds in living things.
Key Terms:
1. Element
2. Compound
3. Carbohydrate
4. Lipid
5. Protein
6. Amino acid
7. Enzyme
8. Nucleic acid
9. DNA
10. RNA
The Cell in its Environment
Key Concepts:
1. Diffusion is the main method by which small molecules move across cell membranes.
Osmosis is important because cells cannot functions properly without adequate water.
2. Active transport requires the cell to use its own energy, while passive transport does
not.
Key Terms:
1. Selectively permeable
2. Diffusion
3. Osmosis
4. Passive transport
5. Active transport
Photosynthesis
Key Concepts:
1. Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of
sunlight captured during photosynthesis.
2. During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to
convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars. The equation for
photosynthesis is
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Key Terms:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Autotroph
3. Heterotroph
4. Pigment
5. Chlorophyll
6. Stomata
Respiration
Key Concepts:
1. During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release
their stored energy. The respiration equation is
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
2. Fermentation provides energy for cells without using oxygen.
Key Terms:
1. Respiration
2. Fermentation
Cell Division
Key Concepts:
1. During interphase, the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepare to divide into
two cells. During mitosis, one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two
daughter cells. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides. The organelles are distributed
into the new cells.
2. Because of the way in which the nitrogen bases pair with one another, the order of the
bases in each new DNA molecule exactly matches the order in the original DNA
molecule.
Key Terms:
1. Cell cycle
2. Interphase
3. Replication
4. Mitosis
5. Chromosome
6. Cytokinesis