Download Unit VII Study Guide

Unit VII Study Guide
World War I and the Russian Revolution
Honors World History
1.) What is the most probable link between militarism and imperialism?
As a country gains colonies, its military grows to protect them
2.) What event in Sarajevo ignited the Great War?
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie
3.) What factor led to the formation of the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente?
Bismark’s fear of France’s army and Britain’s fear of Germany’s empire
4.) What was significant in the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne?
It resulted in Germany’s having to fight on two fronts
5.) What was trench warfare intended to accomplish?
To protect soldiers from enemy gun fire on the front lines
6.) What was used to widen the war?
Attacks on African colonies
7.) What gamble did Germany make before the United States entered the war?
That their blockade would defeat Britain before U.S. troops arrived
8.) What impact did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk have on Germany?
It allowed Germany to focus all their efforts on the Western Front
9.) How did the Allies respond to Wilson’s vision for peace?
Britain and France showed little sign of agreeing to Wilson’s plan, Britain and France
were concerned with strengthening their own security, Britain and France wanted to strip
Germany of its war-making power
10.) What actions led to the formation of new nations out of the Central Powers?
Provisions of peace treaties signed with Central Powers
11.) What countries made up Europe’s Great Powers?
Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Italy
12.) Why did Bismark seek alliances that later became the Triple Alliance?
To isolate France
13.) Why did Italy refuse to support its ally Germany?
It accused Germany of starting the war
14.) What did the Central Powers gain over Russia at the battle near Tannenberg?
Germany drove the Russians into full retreat
15.) What were some of the goals of the Allies’ Gallipoli campaign?
To establish a supply line to Russia
16.) What did the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare refer to?
Germany’s policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning
17.) What event occurred after the Americans joined the war?
The Bulgarians and Ottoman Turks surrendered
18.) How did the Treaty of Versailles affect postwar Germany?
It left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in the hearts of German people
19.) What was the American public’s opinion about joining the League of Nations?
It believed that the US should stay out of European affairs
20.) What impact did the war have on the economy of Europe?
It drained the treasuries of Europe
21.) What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
Militarism
22.) What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?
The Balkan Peninsula
23.) Who led Germany during the last decade of the 1800s and most of World War I?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
24.) What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Attack France first, then Russia
25.) Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as Central Powers?
Because of their location in heart of Europe
26.) Which nation caused the United States to fight in World War I?
Germany
27.) What did the war become once the participating countries began devoting all of their
resources to the war effort?
Total war
28.) What action on November 11, 1918, brought World War I to an end?
An armistice was signed
29.) What were the Fourteen Points?
A plan for the postwar world
30.) Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of
Versailles?
Germany
31.) How did the reigns of Alexander III and Nicholas II help pave the way for
revolution?
They both upheld an autocratic government without reform
32.) What impact did Russia’s involvement in World War I have on the Russian
government?
It revealed the weaknesses of czarist rule and military leadership
33.) How did life change for Russians after the success of the Bolshevik revolution?
Russia was organized into several self-governing republics
34.) What was not part of the transformation of the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state?
Creation of the first Soviets
35.) Why did Chinese peasants align themselves with the Communists rather than the
Nationalists?
The Communists divided land among the farmers, while the Nationalists ignored the
problems
36.) Who were the victims of the Shanghai Massacre, and who were their murderers?
Chinese Communists were killed by Chinese Nationalists
37.) What event in 1937 halted the Chinese civil war?
Japanese launched an all-out invasion of China
38.) What promises were made to the Indian people in exchange for their service under
Britain in World War I?
Reforms that would eventually lead to self-govt.
39.) What influences created an environment for nationalism in Southwest Asia?
Breakup of the Ottoman Empire and Western interest in the region
40.) In which country did Nationalists lead a successful rebellion against its sultan and
then reform the government with an emphasis on modernization?
Turkey
41.) How did czars Alexander III and Nicholas II deal with calls for reform?
They resisted all efforts for reform
42.) How did the Russo-Japanese war show the czar’s weakness?
News of repeated losses sparked unrest and led to revolt during war
43.) Under the Treaty of Versailles, to whom did the Allies give Chinese territories to
that had previously been controlled by Germany?
Japan
44.) What did not happen as an immediate result of the Bolshevik Revolution?
A totalitarian state was established
45.) Who was responsible for the Great Purge? What main group was victimized by it?
Stalin, members of Communist Party
46.) Which revolutions were started under Stalin’s rule as a means to improve the Soviet
Union’s economy?
Industrial and agricultural revolutions
47.) How did the “May Fourth Movement” influence the formation of a Communist party
in China?
Established the disillusionment of Chinese people in government, planted the seeds of
Communist ideology within the minds of intellectuals, turned the people against Sun
Yixian’s beliefs in Western democracy
48.) What was the result of China having a Nationalist government recognized by the
world but a Communist party growing in the countryside?
Civil War broke out between the two groups
49.) How was the result of the nationalist movement in Saudi Arabia different from the
results in Turkey and Iran?
Turkey and Iran pursued modernization more than Saudi Arabia did
50.) What led Great Britain finally to grant India limited self-rule?
A continuous campaigns of civil disobedience by Indians
51.) What did the pogroms do that occurred in the late 19th-century Russia do?
Persecute Jews
52.) Who were the Bolsheviks?
Radical Russian Marxist revolutionaries
53.) Who did China’s peasants align themselves with in the 1920s?
Communists
54.) What were soviets under Russia’s provisional government?
Local councils
55.) What is a totalitarian state?
A state in which the govt. controls every aspect of public and private life
56.) What was the purpose of the Soviet state’s Five Year Plans?
Economic development
57.) Who seized power from Persia’s shah and changed the name of his country to Iran?
Reza Shah Pahlavi
58.) What did Sun Yixian’s Revolutionary Alliance accomplish?
Overthrowing the last emperor
59.) Which group was known for taking a 6,000-mile journey known as the “Long
March?”
Chinese Communists, fleeing the Nationalists
60.) Who led the famous protest known as the Salt March?
Mohandis K. Gandhi