Download Science 6 - Study Guide Home Page

LOCKPORT CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT
SOCIAL STUDIES
PROGRESS MONITORING
GRADE 7.
The seventh grade curriculum includes a study of United States history from the first Native Americans to
the Civil War, with an emphasis on New York State and the United States Constitution and government.
STUDY GUIDE 4
Students will study United States history from the presidencies of Monroe and Jackson to the Civil War.
WESTWARD EXPANSION
Manifest Destiny – belief that it was the ‘obvious fate” of America to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean
The Secession of Texas, 1836
 Texas Revolution
 Battle of the Alamo
 Texas as an independent nation
The Mexican War, 1846-1848
 Annexation of Texas
 Mexican Cession
Oregon Territory
 Oregon Trail
 “Fifty-four Forty or Fight!” – border dispute with Great Britain
California Gold Rush
 Forty-niners
 Population boom in California
Practice Questions:
Correct responses are marked with an asterisk (*)
1. The primary goal of manifest destiny was the
a. abolition of slavery in territories held by the United States
b. removal of European influence from South America
c. expansion of the United States westward to the Pacific Ocean
d. secession of the Southern States from the Union*
2. Before the Texas Revolution, Texas was a part of
a. Mexico*
b. Spain
c. United States
d. Canada
3. The Louisiana Purchase, the annexation of Texas, and the Mexican-American War each resulted in
a. war between the Union States and Spain
b. giving land to the Native American Indians
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008
c. gaining additional territory for the United States*
d. opening the Caribbean area to American investment
4. The Mexican War began over
a. border dispute between the United States and Mexico*
b. discovery of gold in California
c. slaves escaping to Mexico
d. conflict between the United States and Mexico over Oregon
5. In 1849, thousands of Americans traveled to California to
a. Work on the transcontinental railroad
b. Search for gold*
c. Begin trade with China and Japan
d. Free California from Mexico
6. What is a “forty-niner”?
a. A person who assisted in the escape of slaves
b. A person who traveled to California in search of gold*
c. A person who wanted to secede from the Union
d. A Native American on a reservation
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008
CIVIL WAR
Causes of the Civil War & Sectionalism
 Sectionalism
o The North
 Industrial base
 Importance of the Industrial Revolution
 Textile industry / need for cotton
 Interchangeable parts – parts of a machine that are identical
 Mass production – the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods
 Difficulties of mill life
 Beginnings of Trade Unions
 Telegraph
 Transportation Revolution
 Steamboat
 Robert Fulton
 Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – government’s authority to regulate
interstate trade
 Importance of railroads
 Increasing population
 Urban centered
 Causes of urbanization
 New advancements in agricultural technology led to need for fewer
workers
 More people move to cities in search of factory work
 Effects of urbanization
 Poor living/working conditions
 Larger urban centers
o The South
 Agricultural base (cotton)
 Impact of the Industrial Revolution on agriculture
 Cotton gin – Eli Whitney
 Steamboat for easier transportation of goods
 Improved farm equipment
 Increasing slave population
 Conditions of working in fields, planter’s home, or as a skilled worker
 Living conditions
 Punishment and slave codes
 Slave culture – importance of family and religion
 Nat Turner’s Rebellion
 States’ Rights – South wanted it
 Slavery
o Underground Railroad – Harriet Tubman
o Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
o Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stow
o John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry
o Fugitive Slave Laws
 Westward Expansion
o Missouri Compromise
o Compromise of 1850
o Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008
The founding of the Republican Party
 Lincoln-Douglas Debate, 1858
 Election of 1860
 Secession - Formation of the Confederate States of America – Jefferson Davis as President
Firing of Fort Sumter
The Presidency of Lincoln
 Personal leadership
 Opposition
 Emancipation Proclamation
 Commitment to “preserving the union”
Civil War Advantages and Disadvantages
 Advantages
o South
 Military leadership
 Commitment of the people to preserve their way of life
o North
 Effective navy
 Larger army
 Manufacturing
 Agricultural production
 Transportation system
 Disadvantages
o South
 Lacked manufacturing
 Lacked a navy
 Not prepared for war
o North
 Lacked qualified military leadership
 Not prepared for war
Geographic factors influenced the war’s progress and outcome – role of physical and other barriers
Major



campaigns evolved around a changing strategy on both sides
South – defensive war
North – control of the Mississippi River (divide and conquer)
Major battles
o Bull Run/Manassas
o Antietam
o Shiloh and Vicksburg
o Gettysburg – turning point
o Sherman’s March to the Sea
Wartime problems and political issues
Technology of the war
 Ironclads
New York State in the Civil War
 Military role
 Political opposition in New York City – Conscription Laws and Draft Riots
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008
o
o
Undemocratic nature of the draft
Conscription as a factor in racism
Practice Questions:
Correct responses are marked with an asterisk (*)
1. During the 1840s and 1850s, many Americans began to move from
a. cities to farms
b. small towns to the wilderness
c. farms to cities*
d. the wilderness to small towns
2. The 1824 Supreme Court decision in Gibbons v. Ogden helped to
a. protect consumers from dangerous steamboat explosions
b. end state granted monopolies for steam transportation*
c. improve the quality of privately built roads
d. encourage the building of canals
3. Sectional rivalries during the period from 1820 to 1860 centered mainly around the issues of
a. foreign policy, the abolition of slavery, and the currency system
b. States rights, the extension of slavery, and tariffs*
c. tariffs, the currency system, and trust regulation
d. conservation, foreign policy, and women's suffrage
4. The Underground Railroad was developed in the 1840s in order to
a. smuggle illegal goods into the country
b. help runaway slaves escape to freedom*
c. provide a form of inexpensive transportation
d. stop illegal aliens from entering the country
5. Which event was the immediate cause of the secession of several Southern states from the Union in 1860?
a. the Dred Scott decision, which declared that all prior compromises on the extension of slavery into the
territories were unconstitutional
b. the Missouri Compromise, which kept an even balance between the number of free and slave states
c. the raid on the Federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, which was led by the militant abolitionist John Brown
d. the election of President Lincoln, who opposed the spread of slavery into the territories*
6. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln maintained that the war was being fought to
a. old national honor
b. prevent foreign involvement
c. free all slaves
d. preserve the Union*
7. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Civil War?
a. sectionalism
b. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c. slavery
d. Whiskey Rebellion*
8. The purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation was to
a. return slaves to Africa
b. support states' rights
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008
c. free slaves in the Confederacy*
d. create new state governments
9. Who was President of the United States during the Civil War?
a. Jefferson Davis
b. Abraham Lincoln*
c. Stephan Douglas
d. Ulysses S. Grant
10. Who was the only President of the Confederacy?
a. Jefferson Davis*
b. Robert E. Lee
c. John Brown
d. Ulysses S. Grant
11. What event started the Civil War?
a. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry
b. Confederate firing on Fort Sumter*
c. Burning Kansas
d. Missouri Compromise
12. Which of the following was an advantage of the Confederate States?
a. Industry
b. Slave population
c. Large navy
d. Strong military leaders*
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008
RECONSTRUCTION
Preservation of the Union
Abolition of Slavery
 The Emancipation Proclamation
 Civil Rights and the 13th Amendment
Plans for Reconstruction
 Lincoln’s Plan
 Johnson’s Plan
o Congressional opposition
o Impeachment
Congressional Reconstruction
Amendments 14 and 15 (guarantee equal rights for all but Native Americans)
Sharecropping – as a substitute for slavery
The official end of Reconstruction in 1877
Segregation held as legal – Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Practice Questions:
Correct responses are marked with an asterisk (*)
1. After the Civil War, the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment led to
a. greater protection of citizens against unfair government actions by states *
b. the loss of equal rights for minorities
c. an expansion of the power of the states to tax
d. a narrowing of the role of the federal government
2. Which group was most affected by the passage of the Civil War amendments?
a. women
b. former slaves *
c. northern manufacturers
d. immigrants
3. In the South after the Civil War, which system of land usage was developed to replace the major system
destroyed by the war?
a. plantation
b. small self-sufficient farming
c. sharecropping *
d. corporate farming
4. A major result of the Reconstruction period was that
a. the former Confederate states were restored to full membership in the Union *
b. most African Americans were able to take advantage of education at colleges and universities
c. the two-party political system became stronger in the South
d. sectional differences and the idea of States rights disappeared
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008
5. Scalawags, sharecropping, and Radical Republicans are terms most closely identified with which time
period in American history?
a. American Revolution
b. War of 1812
c. Civil War
d. Reconstruction Era *
6. How were many African Americans in the South affected after Reconstruction ended in 1877?
a. A constitutional amendment guaranteed their social advancement.
b. The Freedmen's Bureau helped them become farm owners.
c. Jim Crow laws placed major restrictions on their rights. *
d. Southern factories offered them job training and employment opportunities.
Study Guide – 7 Social-Q1-V12008