Download Effects of War

Effects of War
Battles with Political
Significances
Economic & Political Impact
of the War
Individual Leaders
Impact of Reconstruction
• Long and
costly/
destructive
The possibility of foreign
governments support for
the Confederacy led to
Lincoln issuing the
Emancipation
Proclamation.
The Civil War had a significant
impact on the economies of
both the Union and the
Confederacy. The North’s
industry generally improved,
and US government policies
moved to favor business and
expansion. The South’s
economy was ruined by the
Civil War.
The Confederacy possessed
superior military leadership.
The severity of Reconstruction
resulted in Southern resentment
and distrust of the North, which
continued for a long time.
The defeat of the Confederacy
preserved the Union and
ended slavery in the South.
Abraham Lincoln
• Northern
victory
• Restoration of
the Union
• Emancipation
of the slaves
Emancipation
Proclamation — (may be
seen as a foreign policy
strategy - issued after the
Battle of Antietam )
• Freed those slaves
located in "rebelling"
states
• Made the destruction of
slavery a Northern war
aim
• Discouraged any
interference of foreign
governments
The Battles of Antietam
and Gettysburg were
turning points in the war
and the Gettysburg
Address described the
war as a struggle to
preserve a nation
dedicated to the
proposition that "all men
are created equal" and
"government of the
people, by the people,
and for the people."
Lincoln and Lee were men
of integrity whose views of
the nature of the United
States were different,
leading to an unavoidable
conflict.
Lincoln’s Plan
Economy of the North
• Economic prosperity and
westward expansion
• Federal subsidies of
railroads
• Homestead Act — (1862)
gave free public land in the
western territories to settlers
who would live on and farm
the land
• President of the Union;
determined to preserve the
Union, by force if necessary
• The assassination of
Lincoln just after Lee’s
surrender enabled Radical
Republicans to influence the
more punitive manner
Reconstruction plans were
implemented
Economy of the South
• Economic distress
Robert E. Lee
• Loss of land and revenue
• Confederate General of the
Army of Northern Virginia
(Lee opposed secession, but
did not believe the Union
should be held together by
force), who urged
Southerners to accept
defeat and unite as
Americans again, when
some Southerners wanted to
fight on after Appomattox —
site of Lee’s surrender to
Grant
• Generations of poor farmers
Politics of the North
• The Emancipation
Proclamation and the role of
the Radical Republicans
• Federal powers increased
Politics of the South
• Strong national government
necessary despite the
creation of a confederacy
Frederick Douglass
• Former slave; prominent
black abolitionist; who urged
Lincoln to recruit former
slaves to fight in the Union
army
• States’ rights defenders
found a home in the
Democratic Party, which
dominated the South for the
next century
Battles with Political
Economic & Political Impact
• Secession was illegal. Since
Southern states had not left the
Union, legitimate state
governments loyal to the Union
could be restored to the Union.
• To reunify, the federal
government should not punish
the South, but act "with malice
towards none, with charity for
all… to bind up the nation’s
wounds…"
Ulysses Grant
• Union military commander,
who won victories over the
South after several Union
commanders had failed
• Few industries
Effects of War
The economic and political
gains of former slaves in the
South were temporary.
Individual Leaders
Radical Republican Plan
• Punitive towards former
Confederate States — not
allowed back into the Union
immediately, but were put under
military occupation
• Believed in aggressively
guaranteeing voting and other
civil rights to African Americans.
• Clashed often with Andrew
Johnson
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
• Continued the plan of Lincoln
allowing Confederate state to
be readmitted to the union if
they would declare secession
illegal, swear allegiance the
Union and ratify the 13th
Amendment
• Support of states’ rights
angered Radicals because they
felt his plan did not address the
needs of former slaves (land,
voting rights, & protection under
the law) — resulted in
impeachment
Impact of Reconstruction
Significances
of the War
Women
Civil War Amendments
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
and Susan B. Anthony
• 13th — abolished slavery
• Seneca Falls Declaration
— women’s suffrage
• Worked for equal rights for
women before and after the
war
• 14th - prohibited the denial of
equal rights under the law to
any American
• 15th — voting rights were
guaranteed regardless of "race,
color, or previous condition of
servitude" (slavery)
Long Term Impact of
Reconstruction
• Southern states were
embittered and devastated
• Southern farms, factories, and
railroads were destroyed
• Richmond and Atlanta were in
ruins
• The South remained
backward, agricultural and poor
• The North and the Midwest
became strong and industrial
laying the foundation for
industrialization and becoming
a global economic power
End of Reconstruction
• The close election of 1876
resulted in the Compromise of
1877
• Southern Democrats
supported the electoral college
vote and the Republicans
agreed to end military
occupation
• Former Confederates, who
controlled the Democratic Party
in the south, regained power
and the "Jim Crow Era" began