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Biology 102, Lectures 8 and 9 Study Guide
January 26 and 28, 2004
Brief lecture outline (for more detail, see PowerPoint lecture)
I.
History of cell study
A.
Key people
B.
Cell theory
II.
Attributes of cells
A.
Cell size and its limitations
B.
Cell types
III. Cell structures: description and functions
A.
Structures found in all cells
B.
Organelles
1.
Ribosomes (found in both)
2.
Other cell structures (found in eukaryotes)

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes
 Flow of membrane within cells

Mitochondria

Vacuoles

Chloroplasts

Nucleus
C.
Cell walls
D.
Cytoskeleton
E.
Cilia and flagella
Study Questions (2 pages)
1. State the three major principles of the cell theory.
2. Why is there a limit to cell size? Describe two types of problems that would be
encountered if cell was significantly larger than they actually are.
3. What four features of cells do all organisms (i.e. both prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
contain?
4. What is the major difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
5. What does the cytoplasm include?
6. What feature(s) allow eukaryotes to be much larger than prokaryotes?
7. Be able to describe both the basic structure and the functions of each of the major
organelles discussed in class/text.
8. Be able to recognize the particular organelles.
9. Be able to label the key parts of the nucleus and state their function.
10. Describe the flow of membrane within cells, being sure to name the particular structures
and the order in which the membrane flows.
11. Be able to name groups of organisms that do, and do not, have cell walls.
12. What is the cytoskeleton? Be able to name the key functions of the cytoskeleton.
13. What are cilia and flagella (in terms of other cell structures). Name some functions of
cilia and flagella (i.e. examples from particular organisms). What are the key differences
between cilia and flagella?