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SBI3U Kingdom: Protista Text pp. 420-426 1. Describe the general characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Protista by circling the term that applies. Cell type – eukaryotic Nutrition – both heterotrophic and autotrophic Reproduction – either asexual or sexual Number of cells – unicellular or multicellular 2. What is the main habitat of protists? Freshwater and saltwater 3. The three distinct groups in the protist kingdom are (1) _Plant-Like Protists_________ (2) __Animal-Like Protists____ and (3) ___Fungi-Like Protists_______ 4. Plant-like Protists Example 1: Euglena 1. What characteristics make Euglena plant-like? Green in colour Photosynthetic 2. How do its flagellum and eyespot help it survive? The Flagellum allows it to move and the eyespot allows it to sense light. Therefore it can move into the light to photosynthesize. 3. How does Euglena reproduce? Euglena reproduces asexually through binary fission. 4. Make a labelled sketch of Euglena. Example 2: Green, Brown and Red Algae 1. What is the difference between multicellular algae and multicellular plants? Multicellular algae is a grouping of unspecialized cells whereas multicellular plants consist of many types of cells that have specialized to complete specific functions. E.g guard cells control the movement of gases into and out of a leaf and vascular tissues control the movement of water and dissolved nutrients throughout a plant. 2. Describe the important role these organisms have in the global environment. It is estimated that algae produce 67% of the Earth’s oxygen supply. 3. List five ways in which humans utilize algae. 1) Food (nori is the type of algae that sushi is wrapped in) 2) Fertilizers 3) Thickening agent in many foods like ice cream and pie filling 4) Gel Capsules for medicines 5) Pollution control 4. The most common method of reproduction is __binary____ __fission______. The simplest method of reproduction is ___fragmentation____. Animal-like Protists 1. There are four groups, based on their method of locomotion. Describe the method of locomotion and list an example for each of the following. [1] Amoebas Amoebas use pseudopods (false feet) which are extensions of their cytoplasm to move. E.g. Amoeba proteus [2] Flagellates Flagellates like euglena use a flagellum which is a whip-like tail to propel them through the water. E.g. Euglena gracilis [3] Ciliates Ciliates use hair-like structures called cilia to move. E.g. Paramecium caudatum [4] Sporozoans Sporozoans use the body fluids of their host organism to move. E.g. Plasmodium which causes malaria travels through a host’s blood Fungi-like Protists 1. The common name for these is ___slime moulds_______. 2. How do they show the beginnings of cell specialization characteristic of higher kingdoms? Slime moulds live together and even though cells do not specialize, the cells can achieve benefits of living together. For example, they can share a source of food. Check out this YouTube video of slime mould in a maze: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3z_mdaQ5ac Comparison: Viruses, Bacteria and Protists Viruses Bacteria Prokaryotic Protists Eukaryotic Rely on host Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Within host cells Everywhere on Earth Moist environments None Single celled Single celled Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles Binary Fission and conjugation None other than the fact that they limit populations Smallpox, Influenza, HIV Decomposers, limiting populations Binary Fission and sexual reproduction Produce oxygen None Type of Cells Nutrition Habitat Number of Cells Methods of Reproduction Ecological Role Examples E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus Amoeba proteus, Euglena gracilis, Paramecium caudatum Note: Vaccines are taken to prevent infection by viruses. Antibiotics are taken to treat bacterial infections. You can’t treat a viral infection with antibiotics.