Download SBI3U Kingdom

SBI3U
Kingdom: Protista
Text pp. 420-426
1. Describe the general characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Protista by circling the
term that applies.
Cell type – eukaryotic
Nutrition – both heterotrophic and autotrophic
Reproduction – either asexual or sexual
Number of cells – unicellular or multicellular
2. What is the main habitat of protists?
Freshwater and saltwater
3. The three distinct groups in the protist kingdom are (1) _Plant-Like Protists_________
(2) __Animal-Like Protists____ and (3) ___Fungi-Like Protists_______
4. Plant-like Protists
Example 1: Euglena
1. What characteristics make Euglena plant-like?
Green in colour
Photosynthetic
2. How do its flagellum and eyespot help it survive?
The Flagellum allows it to move and the eyespot allows it to sense light. Therefore it
can move into the light to photosynthesize.
3. How does Euglena reproduce?
Euglena reproduces asexually through binary fission.
4. Make a labelled sketch of
Euglena.
Example 2: Green, Brown and Red Algae
1. What is the difference between multicellular algae and multicellular plants?
Multicellular algae is a grouping of unspecialized cells whereas multicellular plants
consist of many types of cells that have specialized to complete specific functions.
E.g guard cells control the movement of gases into and out of a leaf and vascular
tissues control the movement of water and dissolved nutrients throughout a plant.
2. Describe the important role these organisms have in the global environment.
It is estimated that algae produce 67% of the Earth’s oxygen supply.
3. List five ways in which humans utilize algae.
1) Food (nori is the type of algae that sushi is wrapped in)
2) Fertilizers
3) Thickening agent in many foods like ice cream and pie filling
4) Gel Capsules for medicines
5) Pollution control
4. The most common method of reproduction is __binary____ __fission______.
The simplest method of reproduction is ___fragmentation____.
Animal-like Protists
1. There are four groups, based on their method of locomotion. Describe the method of
locomotion and list an example for each of the following.
[1] Amoebas
Amoebas use pseudopods (false feet) which are extensions of their cytoplasm to move.
E.g. Amoeba proteus
[2] Flagellates
Flagellates like euglena use a flagellum which is a whip-like tail to propel them through
the water.
E.g. Euglena gracilis
[3] Ciliates
Ciliates use hair-like structures called cilia to move.
E.g. Paramecium caudatum
[4] Sporozoans
Sporozoans use the body fluids of their host organism to move.
E.g. Plasmodium which causes malaria travels through a host’s blood
Fungi-like Protists
1. The common name for these is ___slime moulds_______.
2. How do they show the beginnings of cell specialization characteristic of higher kingdoms?
Slime moulds live together and even though cells do not specialize, the cells can achieve
benefits of living together. For example, they can share a source of food. Check out this
YouTube video of slime mould in a maze:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3z_mdaQ5ac
Comparison: Viruses, Bacteria and Protists
Viruses
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
Protists
Eukaryotic
Rely on host
Autotrophic or
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic or
Heterotrophic
Within host cells
Everywhere on
Earth
Moist
environments
None
Single celled
Single celled
Lytic and
Lysogenic Cycles
Binary Fission
and conjugation
None other than
the fact that
they limit
populations
Smallpox,
Influenza, HIV
Decomposers,
limiting
populations
Binary Fission
and sexual
reproduction
Produce oxygen
None
Type of Cells
Nutrition
Habitat
Number of Cells
Methods of
Reproduction
Ecological Role
Examples
E. coli,
Salmonella,
Staphylococcus
aureus
Amoeba proteus,
Euglena gracilis,
Paramecium
caudatum
Note: Vaccines are taken to prevent infection by viruses. Antibiotics are taken to treat
bacterial infections. You can’t treat a viral infection with antibiotics.