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Subjunctive- Present A word about moods. Subjunctive isn’t a tense; it’s a mood. A tense is a indicator of when something happens in time, such as future, past and present tense. A mood is how the speaker or writer views the sentence. 1. Use The subjunctive mood is used for situations involving uncertainty, suppositions, or desire. It is often in a dependent clause where the subject in the independent clause wants something to happen, but doesn’t directly control the subject of the dependent clause. Here’s an example. 1. The coach insists that the team practices hard every day. The coach says that the team does practice hard. 2. The coach insists that the team practice hard every day. The coach tells the team to practice hard, BUT, he’s not sure that they do. He can’t control how they practice. There is a difference between the two. Sentence 1 is an example of a dependent clause with a present indicative verb, “practices”. The second sentence is and example of the subjunctive mood of the verb “practice”. The verb mood does change the meaning of the sentence. In English we often use the words “might” or “may” to show subjunctive. Example: I believe you might get in trouble if you talk in class. I don’t control whether you get in trouble or not. It’s out of my hands and that makes it subjunctive in the dependent clause. We also use other tenses in English where Spanish uses the subjunctive. You’ll see several examples of this as you go through this section. 2. Spanish Subjunctive Spanish uses the subjunctive more than English and it’s easier to see Generally it’s used when there is a change of subject in a compound sentence. Use WEIRDO to remember what conditions apply in the independent clause of the compound sentence that would make the dependent clause subjunctive. Keep in mind that Spanish often uses the subjunctive where English doesn’t. Wish I wish you would go. Espero que vayas. Phrases like this that require the subjunctive begin with: esperar, sugerir, necesitar, preferir, aconsejar, insistir, querer, desear, permitir. Emotion María feels that her mother might be sick. madre éste enferma. María se siente que su Phrases like this that require the subjunctive begin with: sentirse, alegrarse, me gusta (etc.), Impersonal Expression It’s necessary for you to pay the fine. multa. Es necesario que pagues la Phrases like this that require the subjunctive begin with: Es necesario, es importante. Requests My mother asks that we write every day. escribamos todos los días. Mi madre pide que Phrases like this that require the subjunctive begin with: pedir, decir, mandar, prohibir, exigir (to require, demand) Doubt The police don’t believe that the robbers will talk. los ladrones hablen. El policía no cree que Phrases like this that require the subjunctive begin with: dudar, no creer, no pensar, no saber, negar (to deny) When you write these phrases in the opposite way like I believe (creer) rather than I don’t believe (no creer), you don’t use the subjunctive. Use the indicative mood. The police believe that the robbers will talk. El policía cree que los ladrones hablarán. Ojalá (Hopefully) Hopefully we may have lots of money. dinero. Ojalá que tengamos mucho It is also used in the imperative (or command) mood. (See p.) 3. Regular Verbs Example: This is how you would develop “You might be afraid.” Tener miedo- To be afraid a) First person singular conjugation in present tense. b) Drop the last “o” c) Add “opposite ending” (see the charts below): Tengo miedo. Teng miedo. Teng +as miedo -ar -er/-ir -e -emos -a -amos -es (-éis) -as (-áis) -e -en -a -an d) Finally: You might be afraid. Tengas miedo. 4. Spelling Change Verbs Cezar Verbs ending in “-car, -gar, -zar” have a spelling change throughout the conjugation. Like the “yo” form of the same verbs in the preterit for the same reason; pronunciation. -zar = ce -gar = gue -car = que (yo) empezar = empece jugar = jugue tocar = toque Use this phrase to remember this rule: Cezar the gue gar drives a que car. (Cesar the gay gar drives a k-car.) 5. Irregular verbs Seven common irregular verbs Ir Ver Vaya Vayamos Vayas (Vayáis) Vaya Vayan Sea Ser Seamos Vea Veamos Veas (Veáis) Vea Vean Saber Sepa Sepamos Seas (Seáis) Sepas (Sepáis) Sea Sean Sepa Sepan Dar Dé Demos Des (Deis) Dé Den Haber Haya Hayamos Hayas (Hayáis) Haya Hayan Estar Esté Estemos Estés (Estéis) Esté Estén