Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
1. The most significant aspect of the social composition of the Renaissance art world was a. b. c. d. e. the high degree of specialization that was demanded the high degree of women’s participation in it the large proportion of artists who came from the elite classes its apprentice system the lack of the patronage system Answer: _____ 2. The burden of the Hundred Years’ War fell mostly on the a. Nobility b. c. d. e. Women Peasants Military Clergy Answer: _____ 3. Cosimo de Medici brought stability to this city after his rise to power in 1434 a. b. c. d. e. Milan Rome Florence Naples Venice Answer: _____ 4. The response of the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation included all of the following EXCEPT a. an increase in the number of parish grammar schools b. the establishment of the Society of Jesus(Jesuit order) c. abolition of the index of Prohibited Books d. the convening of the Council of Trent e. the founding of women’s orders active in education and care of the sick Answer: _____ 5. Salvation by faith alone, the ministry of all believers, and the authority of the Bible are principles basic to a. b. c. d. e. Catholicism after the Council of Trent the Church of England the Society of Jesus (Jesuit order) Lutheranism in the early sixteenth century the Christian humanism of Erasmus Answer: _____ 6. In the 14th and 15th centuries, mystics, such as Meister Eckhart, Thomas a Kempis, and the founder of Brothers of the Common Faith, Gerard Groote a. b. c. d. e. Stressed the importance of the sacraments Argue the necessity of adhering to dogma Preached rebellion against the papacy Land the foundations for Protestantism’s personal approach to worship Had a universal and popular appeal Answer: _____ 7. The papal bull Unam Sanctum declared that a. Only men could be priests b. c. d. e. The Holy Roman Emperor could establish national churches in the realm Temporal authority was “subject” t the spiritual power of the Church Only strong monarchies could fulfill the Christian gospel A new crusade was necessary in order to unify European spirituality Answer: _____ 8. Which characteristic was common to the Golden Age of Greece and the Italian Renaissance? a. b. c. d. a strong military led to national unity prosperity led to the creation of many works of art written constitutions led to the establishment of democratic governments political instability led directly to the formation of unified nation-states Answer: _____ 9. Which of the following reasons did NOT contribute to the wide usage of wet nursing among upper class women? a. b. c. d. Unhappiness with the contraceptive effect of nursing The use of wet nurses reflected social standing The milk supply of a stranger was healthier than that of one’s own mother The church forbade lactating women from indulging in intercourse e. Vanity and convenience Answer: _____ 10. Which was a major result of the Reformation? a. b. c. d. the power of the Pope was strengthened new Christian denominations emerged religious teachings were no longer allowed in the universities the Crusades were organized Answer: _____ 11. Anabaptists are the 16th century ancestors of which of the following modern groups a. b. c. d. e. Amish Baptists Lutherans Jesuits Mormons Answer: _____ 12. The Church practice that spurred Luther to revolt was a. b. c. d. e. Simony-buying or selling church offices Indulgences-forgiveness of sin or escape from purgatory in exchange for a monetary “gift” Nepotism-giving church positions to relatives Absenteeism-clergymen who did not live in their dioceses Pluralism-holding more than one church position at the same time Answer: _____ 13. The Jesuits a. b. c. d. all of the above served as advisors to Catholic kings rooted out heresy through press censorship became involved in the education of Catholic children e. converted “heathens” through missionary work Answer: _____ 14. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the rapid spread of Lutheranism in the 1520s and 1530s? a. b. c. d. e. Charles V’s involvement in foreign wars The conversion of the princes of Northern Germany The rise of dissenting sects Popular resentment in Germany against Rome The failure of the Pope to call a church council Answer: _____ 15. Which major movement in European history started with the idea expressed in this statement? a. b. c. d. Protestant Reformation Renaissance Industrial Revolution Commercial Revolution Answer: _____ 16. Which dynasty of merchants, bankers, and depots of Florence used its wealth to patronize the great creative artist of the day? a. b. c. d. e. Sforza Medici Condottieri Bellini Petrarch Answer: _____ 17. Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the sixteenth century condemned the Anabaptists because Anabaptists a. advocated a complete separation of church and state b. restored the privileges of the clergy c. tried to reconcile Protestant and Catholic teachings d. favored government enforcement of morality e. rejected the Bible as the source of the religious truth Answer: _____ 18. After the a radical beginning marked by violence, Anabaptist communities a. Fell apart after the execution of their leaders b. Fled to England where there was religious toleration c. Lost interest in the Reformation when they realized that Luther did not agree with them d. Turned their attention inward, rejecting violence and the influence of outsiders e. Attacked the ideas of the Mennonites Answer: _____ 19. After Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453, which of the following cities claimed to be the "third Rome"? a. b. c. d. e. Geneva Warsaw Madrid Budapest Moscow Answer: _____ 20. The Hapsburg-Valois wars were wars fought between France and a. b. c. d. e. Italy: Italy won all four major battles Italy: France won all four major battles England: France won all four major battles Spain: Spain won all four major battles Spain: France won all four major battles Answer: _____ 21. Italian balance-of-power diplomacy a. Was critical to the economic success of Italy b. Successfully prevented foreign domination of Italy c. Was designed to prevent a single Italian state form dominating the peninsula d. Was primarily concerned with controlling the papacy Answer: _____ 22. Which of the following statements is true regarding western European family life in the period 1750-1850? a. The birth rate increased significantly due to government social welfare programs b. There was an increased importance placed on child-rearing among the upper classes c. Life expectancy declined due to the hazards associated with industrialization. d. Most nations repealed laws that enforced the legal and economic inferiority of women e. There was a significant decline in out-of-wedlock births due to Enlightenment reforms. Answer: _____ 23. “Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man or lends to a needy man does better than if he used the money to buy an indulgence.” The writer summarized the philosophy of the Brother of the Common Life in what became the most popular religious book of the period, the Imitation of Christ a. b. c. d. e. Nicholas of Cusa Desiderius Erasmus Thomas a Kempis Hebraist Johannes Reuchlin Martin Luther Answer: _____ 24. The Anglican Church, as created by Henry VIII, differed from other Protestant churches in that it a. b. c. d. e. abolished the sacraments remained loyal to Rome had an episcopal structure was congregational broke with Rome Answer: _____ 25. Which was one of the most important accomplishments of The Council of Trent(1545-1563)? a. b. c. d. e. Simony and pluralism were established reforms led to a spiritual renewal of the Roman Catholic Church reconciliation with the Protestants The Roman Inquisition was established the sale of indulgences was encouraged Answer: _____ 26. The broadest social division of the 11th century Russia was between a. b. c. d. Freemen and slaves Clergy and principality Peasants and townspeople Army officers and freemen Answer: _____ 27. Social strife and competition for political power became so intense within the cities that most evolved into a. b. c. d. e. democracies Oligrachies Mini-monarchies Feudal states Despotisms Answer: _____ 28. The canonical, or church-sanctioned, age for marriage prior to 16th century was which of the following ages for men a. b. c. d. e. 18 25 14 30 21 Answer: _____ 29. The Protestant Reformation represents a turning point in European history because it a. b. c. d. standardized all religious writings ended religious unity in Western Europe allowed religious reformers to escape persecution forced most of Europe’s monarchs to become Protestants Answer: _____ 30. Which of the following was most typical of preindustrial European village society? a. b. c. d. e. Long life expectancy Low infant-mortality rates Upward economic mobility from one generation to the next Single-crop agricultural production Domestic manufacture of most household goods Answer: _____ 31. "In conformity, therefore, to the clear doctrine of the Scripture, we assert, that by an eternal and immutable counsel, God has once for all determined, both whom he would admit to salvation, and whom he would condemn to destruction." The idea expressed in the passage above is most closely associated with the theological views of a. Thomas More b. Erasmus c. Ignatius Loyola d. John Calvin e. Pope Leo X Answer: _____ 32. Ludovico of Milan’s fatal mistake was that he a. claimed Naples for himself, as king and disregarded French dynastic claims to rule b. appealed to the French for help and invited them to reenter Italy and receive their dynastic claim to Naples c. sold the city of Milan to the French without proper authority d. spurned all attempts by the French to forge an alliance with Milan e. disregarded the threat posed by Milan and supported by Florence, and denied French aid or assistance Answer: _____ 33. Luther’s decision to marry Katherine Von Bora was an example of a. How traditional matchmaking remained significant in rural German communities b. How clergy could misinterpret Catholic c. A personal decision that involved no religious principles d. The means by which Luther reached the decision to challenge the Church on the issue of the sacraments e. The changing role of the clergy in Protestant churches Answer: _____ 34. The medieval church had always taught that salvation was a. b. c. d. e. Only for priest and nuns A joint venture Dictated by God’s judgement Impossible and therefore one must constantly repent Solely left to the individual Answer: _____ 35. Couples in early modern Europe generally put off marriage until they were, on average, in their mid to late twenties because a. sexual maturation was delayed until the mid twenties because of poor nutrition b. c. d. e. they needed to acquire land or learn a trade route before they could support a family the customs and mores of a society dominated by religion promoted sexual restraint they were concerned about scarcity of housing laws prohibited marriage without parental permission before the age of majority Answer: _____ 36. An indulgence was a. A punishment meted out by the pope to heretics b. A remission of the temporal penalty imposed on penitents by pries as work of satisfaction for their confessed sins c. A payment to obtain an office in Church d. A payment from a monarch to the Church e. Forgiveness given by the pope exclusively to Protestants in order to entice them back to the Church Answer: _____ 37. Luther’s political conservatism is revealed in which of the following? a. b. c. d. e. His condemnation of the Peasants’ War His support for the extermination of the Munster Commune His preference for political order over social justice All of these His willing acceptance of the support of the German princes Answer: _____ 38. At the outset of the Hundred Years’ War a. b. c. d. e. France had a larger population that England The English navy ruled the seas England was in a state of civil war England was wealthier that France France was superior militarily Answer: _____ 39. Martin Luther a. b. c. d. e. Believed that marriage was un-Christian Was pledged to the Church at an early age Was a diplomat in the court of Charles V Was the son of a successful miner Had no formal training in theology Answer: _____ 40. The government of Venice during the Renaissance may closely be labeled a a. Republic b. c. d. e. Constitutional monarchy Democracy Autocracy Dictatorship Answer: _____ 41. Calvin differed form Luther by stressing which theological doctrine? a. The right of the clergy to marry b. The Bible as the ultimate authority for Christian doctrine c. The rejection of all byt tow of the sacraments d. The concept of predestination e. The effect of “good works” in winning personal salvation Answer: _____ 42. Renaissance humanism was a contradiction of the Middle Ages in that it a. Emphasized the goodness of the present and the power of humanity b. Denied Church doctrine, including the Trinity c. Sought a logical explanation for the outbreak of plague in the 14th century d. Promoted art, especially painting e. Ignored the authority of the Church Answer: _____ 43. 15th century attempts to centralize and consolidate power were most successful in a. b. c. d. e. Italy England Spain Germany France Answer: _____ 44. Renaissance artists viewed the medieval past with a. The same reverence that they held for the classical period b. No clear sense that their own age was distinct from the medieval period c. Disdain for what they perceived to be its backwardness d. Tremendous respect for their achievements, though they did not view them as equal to the ancients e. Great interest because it served to inspire their own works of art Answer: _____ 45. In the 17th century Western Europe, marriage patterns showed a tendency toward: a. b. c. d. e. non-noble women marrying much younger men romantic love as the major factor in choosing a spouse intermarriage between peasant families and noble families intermarriage between Christians and Jews relatively late first marriages by non-noble women Answer: _____ 46. In early modern Europe, which of the following most directly undermined the guild system? a. The increased demand for products for the Far East and New World, such as spices and silk b. The use of credit in business transactions c. Entrepreneurial expansion of manufacturing into the countryside d. The expansion of the supply of precious metals e. The imposition of high tariffs on imported goods Answer: _____ 47. A difference between the teachings of Martin Luther and those of John Calvin centered around a. b. c. d. e. The idea of salvation by faith alone Reliance on scripture The doctrine of predestination Disregard for most of the sacraments Services in the vernacular Answer: _____ 48. During the early 16th century the need for reform within the Roman Catholic Church was indicated by all of the following EXCEPT a. the extravagant lifestyle of prelates and popes b. clerical pluralism c. Clerical immorality d. the lack of education of the ordinary clergy e. the growth of The Brethren of the Common Life Answer: _____ 49. Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the Renaissance artistic achievement? a. b. c. d. e. The invasion of Italy by the French The lack of separation between artistic and commercial aspects of the Renaissance art world The apprentice system The competitive spirit of competing elites Patronage of the pope Answer: _____ 50. Which societal condition was basic to the development of Greek philosophy and Renaissance art? a. b. c. d. emphasis on individualism mass education religious uniformity rigid social classes Answer: _____ 51. Ferdinand and Isabella were able to do all of the following EXCEPT a. b. c. d. e. Conquer southern France Venture abroad militarily Christianize the whole of Spain Secure their borders Subdue their realms Answer: _____ 52. Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Catholic and Counter –Reformations? a. b. c. d. e. The reform of abuses within the Roman Catholic Church the conversion of the populations of southern Europe The stemming of the spread of Protestantism The suppression of heresy The confirmation of the Church’s basic dogma Answer: _____ 53. The teachings of which of the following had the greatest impact on the Reformation in Scotland? a. b. c. d. e. Ulrich Zwingli John Calvin Desiderius Erasmus Ignatius of Loyola Martin Luther Answer: _____ 54. In his On Christian Liberty, Luther used the term “freedom” to mean a. b. c. d. e. Freedom from the Roman Catholic Church Political liberty Freedom from any type of servile situation Freedom from taxes Freedom from poverty Answer: _____ 55. “It was an important confederation of commercial towns in northern Germany with its own laws, diplomats, and flags. Its membership of merchants earned large profits shipping fish, timber, and other resources to areas to the west and to the south. Prosperity declined, however, when trade routes shifted from the Baltic to the Atlantic after 1500.” The description above refers to the a. b. c. d. e. Hanseatic League Holy Roman Empire Merchants of the Staple Schmalkaldic League Confederation of the Rhine Answer: _____ 56. Renaissance culture a. b. c. d. e. Stressed Greco-Roman ideals of gender equality Was that of a small business elite Was enjoyed by most Europeans Was rejected by the Church for its secularism Mirrored the attitudes of the urban population Answer: _____ 57. Which of the following is a significant difference between medieval and Renaissance sculpture? a. b. c. d. e. Renaissance sculpture was devoid of religious subjects Renaissance art represented the visible world rather than conventional symbolism The shift from the Old Testament to New Testament themes Renaissance sculpture was no longer commissioned by the popes The use of stone rather that wood Answer: _____ 58. All of the following were effects of the Hundred Years War EXCEPT a. b. c. d. e. A series of peasant rebellions The rise of a Spanish Empire in the New World A significant decrease in the population An economically weaker England A more politically unified France Answer: _____ 59. When German peasants revolted in 1524-1525, the won the support of a. b. c. d. e. None of these groups The pope Martin Luther John Calvin The merchant class Answer: _____ 60. The Council of Trent a. Insisted that the Catholic Church was the final arbiter in all matters of faith b. c. d. e. Excommunicated Martin Luther Produce the Treaty of Augsburg Reconciled Protestants and Catholics Established the Inquisition Answer: _____ 61. Demographic changes in the late 16th and early 17th century Europe contributed to a. state budget surpluses b. price inflation and a decrease in real wages c. higher population densities in Eastern Europe that Western Europe d. market agriculture and a decline in commerce e. greater equity in patterns of land ownership Answer: _____ 62. During the early 16th century the need for reform within the Roman Catholic Church was indicated by all of the following EXCEPT a. b. c. d. e. Clerical pluralism Clerical immorality The extravagant lifestyle of prelates and popes The lack of education of the ordinary clergy The growth of The Brethren of the Common Life Answer: _____ 63. Renaissance art a. b. c. d. e. Abandoned painting in favor of sculpture Was characterized by religious subject matter Was characterized by its concern for the human form Did not require patrons Was characterized by the severe specialization of its artists Answer: _____ 64. One of the tenets of Protestantism as stated in the Confession of Augsburg was that religious authority rests with a. b. c. d. e. the pope the Ecumenical Councils the German princes the Holy Roman Emperor the Bible Answer: _____ 65. The most inclusive and influential of the early Protestant reformers was a. b. c. d. e. John Knox Calvin Zwingli Luther Michael Servetus Answer: _____ 66. Which social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the plague? a. b. c. d. e. Women Clergy Noble landholders Peasants Urban elites Answer: _____ 67. The Black Death found its way into Europe via: a. b. c. d. e. Spain Scandinavia Greenland and Iceland Asian trade routes North Africa Answer: _____ 68. Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic church on the grounds that it a. used indulgences as a fund-raising device b. formed close associations with secular rulers c. supported priests as religious teachers d. sponsored translations of the Bible into vernacular languages e. reduced the number of sacraments Answer: _____ 69. Machiavelli’s The Prince represented an attempt to find ways to a. b. c. d. Unify the entire Italian peninsula under a powerful leader Show how the rule princes was clearly inferior to republican forms of government Blend medieval and Renaissance scholarship Convince the French to intercede in Italian affairs on behalf of his native Florence Answer: _____ 70. Lutheranism was introduced into Denmark by a. King Gustavus Vasa b. c. d. e. King Gustavus Vasa II King Thorfinn II King Christian I King Christian III Answer: _____ 71. All of the following are true of the bubonic plague EXCEPT a. a. It was known as the Black Death b. It spread rapidly once it arrived in Europe c. It struck only children and the elderly d. a. It was transmitted by rat-or human-borne fleas e. a. It was transmitted along trade routes Answer: _____ 72. The theology of Calvin differs from Luther’s in which of the following ways? a. b. c. d. e. The belief that salvation is earned by faith alone The belief that the church hierarchy is unwarranted and harmful The belief that the Bible should be printed in the vernacular The belief that some have been predestined for salvation The belief that scripture alone is the guide to salvation Answer: _____ 73. “It was a literary movement that reflected an new way of looking at the human condition. The writers were laymen, not clergy , who examined secular issues such as politics and the emotional life of the individual. While they drew on the themes of the ancient classics and often wrote in classical Latin and Greek, they also laid the foundations for modern language and literature by writing in their mother tongue” The literary movement described above is a. b. c. d. e. Secularism Classicism Virtu Individualism Humanism Answer: _____ 74. The Church of England as initially established by Henry VIII in 1536 was a. b. c. d. e. Torn by religious skepticism Fundamentally Calivinist Dominated by the concept of salvation by faith alone Closely tied to Lutheranism Tied to traditional Catholic practices Answer: _____ 75. Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe? a. b. c. d. humanism decreased in importance creativity in the arts was encouraged the political structure was similar to that of the Roman Empire the social structure became very rigid Answer: _____ 76. All of the following are basic theological beliefs of Martin Luther EXCEPT a. b. c. d. e. All who have faith can and should read the Bible The Church hierarchy was unwarranted and harmful Scripture is the only guide to knowledge of God Salvation is attainable by faith alone Good works are essential to salvation Answer: _____ 77. Endemic warfare between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor a. Assisted the growth of Italian city states b. c. d. e. Was a boon for the landed nobility Had little effect on Italy Depopulated Italy’s cities Had all but ended by 1000 Answer: _____ 78. Sir Thomas More accepted martyrdom at the hands of Henry VIII because a. He thought this would convince Henry of the errors of his ways b. c. d. e. He could not imagine any sort of criticism fo the Catholic Church He would not swear the Oath of Supremacy He was already deathly ill Erasmus convinced him that it was correct to seek martyrdom Answer: _____ 79. He was known as the the “father of humanism” a. b. c. d. e. Giovani Bocaccio Guarino da Verona Dante Alighieri Francesco Petrarch Cosimo de Medici Answer: _____ 80. Renaissance humanism is primarily defined as a. b. c. d. e. an artistic style that portrayed the depraved state of human beings a curriculum based on the study of the classics, rhetoric, and history a religious movement that attempted to make Christianity relevant to daily experience an antireligious program dedicated to the destruction of the Church a philosophical movement that emphasized the beauty of nature Answer: _____