Download Biochemistry Test Review

SBI 4UI
Biochemistry Test Review
Key terms:
Functional group
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Alcohol
Carboxylic Acid
Ketone
Amine
Amide
Phosphate
Ester
Ether
Aldehyde
Carbohydrate
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Starch
Glycogen
Chitin
Lipids
Glycerol
Saturated Fatty Acid
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Phospholipid
Amphipathic
Sterol
Condensation Reaction
Hydrolysis Reaction
Amino Acid
Polypeptide
Primary protein structure
Secondary protein structure
Tertiary protein structure
Quaternary protein structure
Enzyme
Lock and Key Theory
Induced fit Theory
Competitive inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition
Allosteric regulation
Co-factor
Co-enzyme
Denature
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Purines
Pyrimidines
semi-permeable
glycolipid
glycoprotein
globular protein
cholesterol
polar
non-polar
passive transport
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
active transport
In addition to knowing the key terms above, students should be able to know and do the following:
1. Name and draw simple alkane and allkene molecules of up to 10 carbons in length.
2. Name and draw simple alkanes of up to 10 carbons containing one of the following functional groups: alcohol,
aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, amine.
3. Recognize all of the following functional groups when present in an organic molecule: alcohol, aldehyde, amine,
amide, carboxylic acid, ketone, ester, ether, phosphate.
4. Explain how functional groups allow organic molecules to be linked together.
5. Identify the sugars Glucose, Galactose and Fructose when the structure is given.
6. Be able to draw the ringed structure of glucose and show how two glucose units can join together to form
maltose. Name the kind of reaction that links the sugars.
7. Identify key features of starch and glycogen.
8. Be able to draw a triglyceride, showing how glycerol and three fatty acids link together. Name the kind of
reaction that links the fatty acids to glycerol. How many molecules of water are formed?
9. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
10. How do trans fats differ from other fats, both saturated and unsaturated?
11. Identify a phospholipid when the structure is given and be able to list the 5 components of a phospolipid.
12. Identify a sterol such as cholesterol when the structure is given and list some functions of cholesterol.
13. Be able to draw the basic structure of an amino acid and show how two or more amino acids may join together
to form a polypeptide. Name the kind of reaction that links the amino acids.
14. Describe the four different levels of protein structure.
15. Define enzyme and give three examples of enzymes and the substrates they act upon.
16. Explain the difference between lock and key theory and induced fit theory. Which theory is now thought to
be the most accurate picture of how enzymes bind to substrates?
17. Distinguish between competitive and non-competitive inhibition as they relate to enzyme action.
18. How can an enzyme’s action be slowed down or sped up by allosteric regulation?
19. List three conditions that can affect enzyme action.
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Name the two types of nucleic acids and list four important facts about each.
Describe the parts of a nucleotide.
Distinguish between purine and pyrimidine bases in general.
Label the membrane diagram and state the function of the major membrane parts.
Describe the permeability of the cell membrane. What types of molecules cross easily?
What conditions seem to disrupt cell membranes most? (Hint: beet lab!)
Distinguish between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Distinguish between passive and active transport.
Explain the Na+/K+ pump as an example of active transport.
Textbook Questions: p. 31-33 #1, 2, 12, 14-17, 33
p. 59-61 #6-8, 10-14, 16-18, 20
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