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Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________________________ DNA and Genetics Review Packet Part One: Genetics Practice Questions For the following alleles, identify whether the letter represents a DOMINANT allele or a RECESSIVE allele: 1. A 3. H 2. g 4. t For the following questions, identify whether it is a GENOTYPE (G) or a PHENOTYPE (P) represented. 5. AA: 7. Tt: 6. brown eyes: 8. Red hair: For the following pairs of letters identify whether the combination is HOMOZYGOUS (Ho) or HETEROZYGOUS (He) 9. HH: 11. aa: 13. Tt: 10. Jj: 12. BB: For the following pairs of alleles identify whether the organism will display the DOMINANT or RECESSIVE trait. 14. HH: 16. aa: 18. tt: 15. Jj: 17. BB: If the gene for “swag” is dominant over the gene for “no swag”, identify the phenotypes that will be seen for each genotype: 19. SS: 20. Ss: 21. ss: Create a Punnett Square to solve the following problem: 22. Rr x Rr R= Round, r= Square Which percentage of offspring will be round? Part Two: DNA Review Information * You are responsible for knowing the following information. DNA - Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid Shape is called double helix DNA has the information for our cells to make proteins. Watson and Crick (1953) Discovered structure of DNA. Rosalind Franklin: Watson and Crick used her photograph to create the double helix but never gave her credit. She died just before they won the Nobel Prize. Each unit of DNA called a nucleotide of DNA consists of 3 parts. Phosphate backbone A sugar (deoxyribose) A nitrogen base attached to the sugar There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA A is for adenine G is for guanine C is for cytosine T is for thymine A goes with T C goes with G Summary of How DNA is replicated for growth: Step 1. The DNA is unzipped Step 2: DNA polymerase is used to create a complimentary strand to the original strand. Step 3: The complementary strand and original strand zip together, forming DNA that is identical to the parent DNA Part Three: Key Vocabulary *It is highly recommended that you make a flash card for each vocabulary word and use them to study. Gregor Mendel: Father of genetics. Studied traits in pea plants. Inherited Trait: Any characteristic that can be passed by genes from parent to offspring. Gene: Section of chromosome (DNA) that codes for a specific trait. Somatic cell : Body cell. Gamete: Reproductive cell. Heterozygous: Genotype of an individual with two different alleles for a given trait. Homozygous: Genotype of an individual with two of the same alleles for a given trait. Dominant Allele: Masks the recessive allele in a heterozygous individual. Recessive Allele: Allele that is masked by the dominant allele in a heterozygous individual Genome: The complete genetic material contained in an individual. Mutation- A change in nucleotide sequence. Selective Breeding- Choosing two organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation. Includes inbreeding and hybridization. Genetic Engineering- the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology.