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DNA and Genetics Review Packet
Part One: Genetics Practice Questions
For the following alleles, identify whether the letter represents a DOMINANT allele or a RECESSIVE
allele:
1. A
3. H
2. g
4. t
For the following questions, identify whether it is a GENOTYPE (G) or a PHENOTYPE (P) represented.
5. AA:
7. Tt:
6. brown eyes:
8. Red hair:
For the following pairs of letters identify whether the combination is HOMOZYGOUS (Ho) or
HETEROZYGOUS (He)
9. HH:
11. aa:
13. Tt:
10. Jj:
12. BB:
For the following pairs of alleles identify whether the organism will display the DOMINANT or RECESSIVE
trait.
14. HH:
16. aa:
18. tt:
15. Jj:
17. BB:
If the gene for “swag” is dominant over the gene for “no swag”, identify the phenotypes that will be
seen for each genotype:
19. SS:
20. Ss:
21. ss:
Create a Punnett Square to solve the following problem:
22. Rr x Rr R= Round, r= Square Which percentage of offspring will be round?
Part Two: DNA Review Information * You are responsible for knowing the following information.
 DNA - Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
 Shape is called double helix
 DNA has the information for our cells to make proteins.
 Watson and Crick (1953) Discovered structure of DNA.
 Rosalind Franklin:
 Watson and Crick used her photograph to create the double helix but never gave her
credit. She died just before they won the Nobel Prize.
 Each unit of DNA called a nucleotide of DNA consists of 3 parts.
 Phosphate backbone
 A sugar (deoxyribose)
 A nitrogen base attached to the sugar
 There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA
 A is for adenine
 G is for guanine
 C is for cytosine
 T is for thymine
 A goes with T
 C goes with G
Summary of How DNA is replicated for growth:
 Step 1. The DNA is unzipped
 Step 2: DNA polymerase is used to create a complimentary strand to the original strand.
 Step 3: The complementary strand and original strand zip together, forming DNA that is
identical to the parent DNA
Part Three: Key Vocabulary *It is highly recommended that you make a flash card for each
vocabulary word and use them to study.

Gregor Mendel: Father of genetics. Studied traits in pea plants.

Inherited Trait: Any characteristic that can be passed by genes from parent to offspring.

Gene: Section of chromosome (DNA) that codes for a specific trait.

Somatic cell : Body cell.

Gamete: Reproductive cell.

Heterozygous: Genotype of an individual with two different alleles for a given trait.

Homozygous: Genotype of an individual with two of the same alleles for a given trait.

Dominant Allele: Masks the recessive allele in a heterozygous individual.

Recessive Allele: Allele that is masked by the dominant allele in a heterozygous individual

Genome: The complete genetic material contained in an individual.

Mutation- A change in nucleotide sequence.

Selective Breeding- Choosing two organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation.
Includes inbreeding and hybridization.

Genetic Engineering- the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology.